1. homeostasis of water and ions 2. hormone roduction, renin- na balnace. vit d- ca balance. prostaglandins andkinins- renal blood flow. 3. excretion of metabolic waste- creatine and urea
1 of 15
describe nephron blood supply
afferent and efferent supply to glomerus. effecrt leaes and form peritubular cappilarys which surround lumen allowing for fluid exhange. leaves at venules
2 of 15
state the four process of the nephron
filtration, secretion, reabsorbtion, excretion
3 of 15
how to calculate amount of secretion
filtered-reabsorbed+secreted
4 of 15
what does a high mOsM represent
high levels of solute
5 of 15
what is the filtration fraction from the plasma to filtrate at bowmans capsule
20%
6 of 15
describe filtration across nephron
glomerus- 180L, 300mosm(isosmatic with plasma)- PCT 70% of gloemrus, 54L- loop of henle- 18L, 100mosm (more solute than water reabsorbed) - dct and collecting duct- 1.5L 50-1200 mosm (under hormone controll)
7 of 15
what is clearance?what is equation
measure of kidney functionality. = urine conc x urine flow rate / plasma con
8 of 15
describe 3 glomerular barriers
1. endothelium capillarys- pores preventing large rbc passing. negive surface preventing albumin passing 2. basal lamina- neguvely charged 3. podocytes- foot process with small slits inot the basal lamina
9 of 15
describe glucose and amino acid reabsorbtion in the pct
na/k pump creates inward electochemical sodium gradient. na coupled glucose and amino acid transport systems develop. 100% of glucose and aa reabsorbed. 65% na reabsorbed, thus 65% of water
10 of 15
describe reaborbtion in loop of henle
1. descending limb- impermable to nacl. permable to water. mosm decreases 2. ascending limb- ater impermable, nacl permable. in thin part nacl reabsorbed. in thick part k/na/l reabsorbtion is powered by na/k pup and inward electrochemical gradient. mosm
11 of 15
describe reabsorbtion in the intial part of the dct
na/k pumps inward electrochemical na gradient drives nacl rebasorbtion. dct is water impermable so mosm decreases.
12 of 15
role of thiazide duiretics?
block nacl chanel in dct, less h2o reabsorbed along nephron as more conc in lumen so bp drops
13 of 15
describe reabsrbtion in end of dct and collecting duct
driven by na/k pump electrochemical na inward gradient. ENaC ion chanel for na. Aquaporin for h2o. both conrolled by hormones. 8% nacl reabsorbed, 8-17% h2o reabsorbed.
14 of 15
describe hromones used in ion chanels of dct and collecting duct
aldosterone controlling na. increases ENaC ion chanels. adh/vasopression controlling h2o. increases aquaporins. both make urine more conc as reasborbtion of na means h2o follows
15 of 15
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
describe nephron blood supply
Back
afferent and efferent supply to glomerus. effecrt leaes and form peritubular cappilarys which surround lumen allowing for fluid exhange. leaves at venules
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