The military expeditions that were fought from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries when Christians gathered together under a Holy banner to fight to regain Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
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Holy War
A war which is fought over religious issues by people who believe that its what God wants.
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Jus ad bellum
Rules which state whether it is right to go to war. (eg. there must be a cause for going to war)
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Jus in bello
Rules which define the correct conduct in war. (eg. war must only be fought against enemy soldiers, and civilians must be protected)
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Jus post bellum
Rules which state how peace must be established after war. (eg. there must be no revenge taken)
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Agape
Selfless love. taught by Jesus and felt by Christians for their fellow human beings. Pacifists argue that the Christian principle of agape means that violence should never be acceptable.
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Conscientious objectors
People who refuse to join the armed forces because of their beliefs.
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Pacifism
The belief that violence and fighting is wrong.
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Deterrance
When a punishment is designed to persuade other people not to commit the same crime.
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Four cardinal values
The four most important virtues or good actions which are: prudence (carefulness), temperance (self-control), fortitude (courage), and justice (fair treatment).
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Protection
An aim of punishment. To protect society and innocent people from the harm of criminals.
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Reformation
Punishments that allow the criminal to become a better person.
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Retribution
A punishment that ensures that society and the victims of crime can see that the person has been punished.
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Social injustice
The unfair treatment of people in society.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A war which is fought over religious issues by people who believe that its what God wants.
Back
Holy War
Card 3
Front
Rules which state whether it is right to go to war. (eg. there must be a cause for going to war)
Back
Card 4
Front
Rules which define the correct conduct in war. (eg. war must only be fought against enemy soldiers, and civilians must be protected)
Back
Card 5
Front
Rules which state how peace must be established after war. (eg. there must be no revenge taken)
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