The system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
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Conscience
A person's moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one's behaviour.
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Criminal
A person who has committed a crime.
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Duty
A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.
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Right
A moral or legal entitlement to have or do something.
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Responsibility
The state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.
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Magistrates' Court
A court (in England and Wales) presided over by a magistrate or magistrates that deals with minor offences and holds preliminary hearings for more serious ones.
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Crown Court
A court (in England and Wales) of criminal jurisdiction, which deals with serious offences and appeals referred from the magistrates' courts.
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Social causes of crime
Examples are lack of education, abusive/violent parents and broken homes.
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Environmental causes
Examples are high unemployment, gang rivalry and inadequate.
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Psychological causes
Examples are mental illness, greed and the influence of violence on television.
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Crime against the person
Wrongdoing that directly harms a person. Examples are murder and assault.
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Crime against property
Damaging items that belong to somebody else. An example is vandalism.
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Crime against the state
An offence aimed at damaging the government or a country. An example is treason.
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Religious crime
An offence against religion. Examples are blasphemy and sacrilege.
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Blasphemy
The action or offence of speaking sacrilegiously about God or sacred things; profane talk.
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Sentence
The punishment assigned to a defendant found guilty by a court, or fixed by law for a particular offence.
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Suspended sentence
A judicial punishment which is not enforced unless a further crime is committed during a specified period.
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Prison
A building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed or while awaiting trial.
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Protection
Keeping the public from being harmed, threatened or injured by criminals.
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Retribution
An aim of punishment that means to get your own back; 'an eye for an eye'.
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Deterrence
An aim of punishment that means to put people off committing crimes.
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Reformation
An aim of punishment that means to change someone's behaviour for the better.
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Vindication
An aim of punishment that means offenders must be punished to show that the law must be respected and is right.
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Reparation
An aim of punishment designed to help an offender to put something back into society.
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Young offender
A person under 18 who has broken the law.
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Age of criminal responsibility
The age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales is 10 years old. This means that children under 10 can’t be arrested or charged with a crime.
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Prison reform movement
A movement that tries to ensure offenders are treated humanely in prison.
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Parole
The temporary or permanent release of a prisoner before the expiry of a sentence, on the promise of good behaviour.
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Life imprisonment
A long term of imprisonment, which (in the UK) is now the only sentence for murder and the maximum for any crime. It is indeterminate in length, and in practice is rarely for the whole of a criminal's remaining life.
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Early release
The early release from prison, before the prisoner has served the entire sentence.
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Capital punishment
The legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime.
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Electronic tagging
The attaching of electronic markers to people or goods for monitoring purposes. Examples are to track offenders under house arrest or to deter shoplifters.
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Community service
Unpaid work, intended to be of social use, that an offender is required to do instead of going to prison.
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Civil law
The system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.
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Criminal law
A system of law concerned with the punishment of offenders.
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Fines
Monetary charges imposed upon individuals who have been convicted of a crime or a lesser offence.
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Probation
The release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behaviour under supervision.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A person's moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one's behaviour.
Back
Conscience
Card 3
Front
A person who has committed a crime.
Back
Card 4
Front
A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.
Back
Card 5
Front
A moral or legal entitlement to have or do something.
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