PS111 - Structure of the nervous system 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBrain and behaviourUniversityNone Created by: Steff06Created on: 19-10-16 11:18 What are the purposes of a nervous system? (4) To interact with the environment, register it, interpret signals and generate a response. 1 of 29 Do plants have a nervous system and what behaviour do they show? No nervous system - they only show simple behaviour. 2 of 29 What multicellular animals have no NS? Sponges as they sit and filter food from the water. 3 of 29 NS is a network of... A network of electro-chemically active cells specialised to communicate with each other. 4 of 29 Why is the nervous system required for animals? So that animals can produce various appropriate responses. 5 of 29 What is the simplest form of a NS? Uncentralised e.g. sea star, hydra. 6 of 29 What type of NS do simply structured animals have? A centralised NS (leeches, insects, flatworm). 7 of 29 Where is the location of cell bodies of neurons in centralised NS's? Cell bodies of neurons are clustered in the head area of the animal. 8 of 29 What are the properties of the NS of vertebrates? (3) More complex. Central + peripheral NS are clearly separated. NS is hierarchically organised. 9 of 29 What components does a neurone have? A cell body, dendrites sprouting from the cell body, axon. 10 of 29 Where does the axon terminate? In the axon terminals. 11 of 29 What are the 3 basic processes that happen in the NS? Sensory signals must be detected. Signals interpretated. Motor signals sent to muscles/glands. 12 of 29 How can the peripheral NS be divided? Into the somatic NS and the autonomic NS. 13 of 29 What is the input and output for the somatic NS? Input = Sense organs. Output = voluntary control, skeletal muscles. 14 of 29 What is the input and output for the autonomic NS? No external input. Output = Involuntary control, muscles and glands. 15 of 29 How can the autonomic NS be split? Split into the sympathetic and parasymapthetic NS's. 16 of 29 When is the sympathetic NS most likely to become active? During fight/flight 17 of 29 When is the parasympathetic NS most likely to be active? During rest/sleep. 18 of 29 Where are cell bodies most densely packed? In grey matter. 19 of 29 What is grey matter surrounded by? White matter. 20 of 29 Describe receptors Muscle spindles that become active when stretched. 21 of 29 Purpose of the knee-jerk reflex (monosynaptic reflex arc) For walking and balance. Stretching of skeletal muscles. Provides smooth and stable movement. 22 of 29 What activates a sensory neuron when the muscle is stretched quickly? Muscle spindles 23 of 29 How does the muscle contract? Axons enter spinal cord and connect directly with motor neurons which send their axons out and activates the muscle. 24 of 29 What do monosynaptic reflexes work to do? Resist/dampen the quick stretching of skeletal muscles to enable smooth and stable movement. 25 of 29 How are sensory and motor neurons connected? Via one or more interneurons. 26 of 29 What can spinal cord neurons do? Generate complex movement patterns such as walking. 27 of 29 What can't spinal cord neurons do? Can't voluntarily initiate movements. Patterns only elicted in response to appropriate stimulation. 28 of 29 What is not needed for complex movement patterns? The brain - they are done in the spinal cord alone. 29 of 29
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