PS111 - Benefits of neurons 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBrain and behaviourUniversityNone Created by: Steff06Created on: 27-10-16 09:24 Why do complex organisms need a nervous system? Cells live in different environments e.g. temp, acidity and are specialised. 1 of 21 Which system(s) coordinate the cell's activities? The nervous system and endocrine system. 2 of 21 How is the endocrine system specialised? Specialised to secrete chemicals into the bloodstream. Provides slow, overall coordination of cell's activities. 3 of 21 How is the nervous system specialised? Specialised to transmit electrical impulses between 2 or more cells. Fast and precise co-ordination. 4 of 21 How can neural impulses be defined? Basis for rapid and constant communication between cells and control adjustment of ongoing cell activities. 5 of 21 What is a function of neurons? To generate and transmit electrical impulses. 6 of 21 Where do these electrical impulses travel? Impulses travel to specific targets. 7 of 21 What effect do the impulses have as they reach their specific targets? Modifies the activity of target cells. 8 of 21 What does this allow? Allows selective control of specific target structures. 9 of 21 What is electrical activity modulated by? Integrated input from other cells. 10 of 21 What is the input used to do? Adjust the output. 11 of 21 What do neurons not have the ability to do and what does this mean needs to happen? No ability to store energy so glucose and oxygen must be constantly supplied. 12 of 21 Through what process are neurons produced? Develop from neural stem cells (neurogenesis). 13 of 21 What is the function of glia cells and how do they develop? To provide protection for neurons to survive. Develop from neural stem cells. 14 of 21 What is the purpose of astrocytes? Physical and nutritonal support for neurons. 15 of 21 What do astrocytes transport? Transport nutrients from blood vessels to neurons and transport waste products away from neurons. 16 of 21 What do astrocytes hold and take part in? Hold neurons in place and take part in cell signalling. 17 of 21 What is the overall function of microglia and what do they produce? Have a defensive function. Produce chemicals that aid repair of damaged neurons. 18 of 21 What do microglia also do? Digest dead neurons. 19 of 21 Describe oligodendroglia Large, flat branches which wrap themselves around axons. Consist of a fatty subtsance which insulates axons. 20 of 21 Define soma Body of oligodendroglia. 21 of 21
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