pharmaceutical microbiology

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  • Created by: anna888
  • Created on: 14-03-23 12:43
differences in pro and eukaryotes (6)
p=small e=big, p=no membrane bound organelles e=does,p=small ribosomes e=big ribosomes, p=bacteria or archaea e=animal plants and fungi, p=slow growth e=fast growth
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three different shapes of bacteria
coccus, rod, spiral
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what is bacteria cell wall made of? uses?
peptidoglycon. protection from osmatic pressure, gives shape and allows for classifciation
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differnce in gram postive and negitive cells
gram postive have more rigid cell wall and appear violet, they retain the methyl violet dye after wash with a decolourising agent. gram negative do not retain the dye, thin cell walls and appear pink
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what is bacteria growth called, describe it
binary fisson, dna replication in parent cell, dna segregation, cell splitting
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describe 4 phases in growth curve
1, lag- metabolic ajustment, no change in cell numbers. 2. log- growth occurs expontentially 3. stainonary phase- nutrients low and waste builds up, new cells=death. 4. decline- high toxic waste, nutrients exhasuted, death exceeds new cells
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what are the 6 factors effecting microbioligcal growth
temp,ph, oxygen, light, media, osmatic pressure
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describe 2 methods of counting bacteria
1.direct microscopic counts- petroff chamber with floresent labilling to distinguish living and dead cells, or coulter counter(no distinguihsing) 2. plate count-cells replicate and give visible colonises when incubbated. pour plate method-serial dilution
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describe 2 more methods
3. most probable number- statstical test, used when no. in dilute samples is too low to be detected. 4.indirect method- as no. increases so does turbidity, less light passes in spectrophotometer
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describe 2 methods of testing the effectiveness of antmicrobial
1.tube dilution assays- determines minumuim inhbibitory concentration of the antibiotic 2. disc dilution method-bacteria on agar plate with antibiotic on paper dics, suspectiability indicated by clearing
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state the physical stertilisation methods
heat, moist heat, irradiation (ionising or non ionsing), membrane filtration
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state the chemical sterilisation methods with an example
gaseous- no2. liquid- h202
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features of fungi
eukaryote, uni or mulitcellular, more complex than bacteria, larger than bacteria and virus
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2 methods of fungal indentificiation
microscopic examination and culture (SDA as media). visual characteristis allow classficiation
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3 ways antifungal therapy works
damage to cell membranes, inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protien syntheisis
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features of virus
obligate parasite- only reproduces inside other living host, no internal cellular structure, has either DNA or RNA, smaller than pro and eukaryotes
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different shapes of virus
helical, adenovirus, spherical, bacteriophage
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describe steps of bacteria life cyle
1.attatchment to cell 2. penetration 3. uncoating and contents release 4. biosynthesis 5. assembly of new virus particles 6. new particles released
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other microorganisms?
prions, protozoans, helmiths
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Card 2

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three different shapes of bacteria

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coccus, rod, spiral

Card 3

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what is bacteria cell wall made of? uses?

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Card 4

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differnce in gram postive and negitive cells

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Card 5

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what is bacteria growth called, describe it

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