Information gained through direct observation or experiment.
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Why is objectivity a feature of science?
Observation and experiments should be unaffected by bias.
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why is replicability a feature of science?
It’s important that research can be repeated and similar results obtained?
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Why is control a feature of science?
Scientists seek causal relationships.
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Why is theory construction a feature of science?
Scientists use facts to construct theories to understand and predict natural phenomena.
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What are the two aspects of the scientific process?
Induction and deduction.
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What is induction?
It involves reasoning from the particular to the general.
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What is deduction?
It involves reasoning from the general to the particular, starting with a theory and looking for instances that confirm this.
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What was Wilhelm Wundt’s approach to psychology?
It was to study the structure of the human mind, by breaking down behaviours into their basic elements, known as structuralism.
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What is introspection?
- Wundt used introspection to investigate the human mind.
- Participants were trained to reflect on their own cognitive processes and describe them.
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Why is Wundt known as the ‘father of psychology’?
It was his focus on the rigorous measurement of stimuli and response, and in the recording of changes in response to changes in stimuli.
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What two assumptions is the scientific method based on?
1: All behaviour is seen being caused.
2: If behaviour is determined, then it should be possible to predict how human beings would behave in different conditions.
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Outline Griffiths’ study of introspection.
Griffiths used introspection to study the cognitive processes of fruit machine gamblers. He asked them to ‘think aloud’, whilst playing a fruit machine into a microphone on their label.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why is objectivity a feature of science?
Back
Observation and experiments should be unaffected by bias.
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