Organic Chemistry
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- Created by: pri_toor
- Created on: 09-03-19 16:54
hydrocarbon
compound only contains C and H atoms
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saturated
single C-C bonds only
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unsaturated
contains C=C double bond
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functional group
atom(s) in a compound responsible for chemical reaction
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homologous series
same functional group and general formula each successive member has CH2 added
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aromatic
contains a benzene ring
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alicyclic
atoms arranged in a ring with no side chains
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aliphatic
C and H atoms joined in a straight or branched chain
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skeletal formula
simplified organic formula only showing carbon skeleton and functional groups
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displayed formula
shows all covalent bonds
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structural formula
shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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general formula
simplest algebraic formula of a homologous series
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empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
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molecular formula
number of each type of atom in a compound
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What are the 4 haloalkane prefixes/suffixes?
bromo, chloro, iodo, fluoro
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What is the prefix and suffix for an alcohol group (-OH)?
hydroxyl- and -ol
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What is alkane general formula?
CnH2n+2
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What is alkene general formula?
CnH2n
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What is aldehyde functional group?
H-C=O
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What is aldehyde prefix and suffix?
formyl- and -al
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What is ketone functional group?
C=O
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What is ketone prefix and suffix?
oxo- and -one
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What is carboxylic acid functional group?
HO-C=O (-COOH)
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What is carboxylic acid suffix ?
-oic acid
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What is ester functional group?
O=C-O
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What is ester suffix?
-yl -oate
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What is alkyne functional group and suffix?
C≡C and -yne
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What is ether functional group and name?
-O- and -oxy-
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What is acid chloride functional group and suffix?
O=C-Cl and -oyl chloride
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What is acid amide functional group and suffix?
O=C-NH2 and -amide
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What is acid anhydride functional group and suffix?
O=C-O-C=O and -anhydride
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What is nitrile functional group and suffix?
C≡N and -nitrile
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What is amine functional group and suffix?
-NH2 and -amine
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structural isomer
same molecular formula but different structural formula
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chain isomer
same molecular formula but different carbon skeleton structure
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position isomer
same molecular formula but different position of functional group on carbon skeleton
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functional group isomer
same molecular formula but arranged to give different functional groups
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free radical
unpaired electron ∙ on a reactive specie
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homolytic fission
when covalent bond breaks each atom gets one electron this forms 2 free radicals
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heterolytic fission
when covalent bond breaks more electronegative atom get both (2) electrons this forms (+/-)ions
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curly arrow
movement of an electron pair (breaking and forming of a covalent bond)
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What takes precedence, functional group or side chain?
functional group
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How do you order multiple functional groups?
alphabetically
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What shape is methane?
tetrahedral (109.5°)
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How many bonds can a carbon atom form?
4
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
saturated
Back
single C-C bonds only
Card 3
Front
unsaturated
Back
Card 4
Front
functional group
Back
Card 5
Front
homologous series
Back
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