OCR AS Biology unit 2: module 2 (food and health)

nourishment

the nutrients and energy needed for health and growth

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balanced diet

is one that contains all the nutrients required for health in appropriate proportions

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obesity

is when a person is 20% or more heavier than the recommended weight for their height

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lipoprotein

are a combination of lipid, cholestrol and protein used to transport fats and cholestrol around the body

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selective breeding

is where humans select the individual organisms that are allowed to breed according to chosen characteristics

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fertilisers

are minerals needed for plant growth, which are added to soil o improve its fertility

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pestcide

is a chemical that kills pests

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fungicide

is a chemical that kills fungi

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antibiotic

is a chemical that kills or prevents reproduction in bacteria

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health

is a state of mental,physical and social wellbeing, not just the absence of disease

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disease

is a departure from good health caused by a malfunction of the mind or body

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parasite

is an organism that lives in or on another living thing, causing harm to its host

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pathogen

is an organism that causes disease

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transmission

is the way in which a parasitic microorganism travels from one host to another

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primary defence

are those that attempt to prevent pathogens from entering the body

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immune response

is the specific response to a pathogen, which involves the action of lymphocytes and the production of antibodies

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antigens

are molecules that stimulate an immune response

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antibodies

are protein molecules that can identify and neutralise antigens

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specificity

an antibody is specific to a particular antigen because of the shape of the variable region.

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cell signalling

is the communication between cells that allows effective coordinate of a response

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memory cells

are cells that circulate in the blood after an immune response. they speed up the response to a subsequent attack by the same pathogen

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lymphocytes

are white blood cells that ciruclate around the body in the blood and lymph.

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vaccination

is a deliberate exposure to antigenic material, which activates the immune system to make an immune resonse and provide immunity

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carcinogens

are chemicals that cause cancer

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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

is a combination of disease including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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atherosclerosis

is the deposition of fatty substances in the walls of the arteries

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cardiovascular disease

is a disease of the heart or circulatory system

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coronary heart disease

is a disease of the heart caused by malfunction of the coronary arteries

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risk fator

is a factor that increases the chance or risk that a person will develop a disease

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epidemiology

is the study of the distribution of a disease in populations, and the factors that influence its spread

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OCR AS Biology unit 2: module 2 (food and health)

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