Chromosomes are in the cell nucleus. They carry the genetic information. They are made of DNA and protein combined as chromatin. Each chromosome contains many genes.
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gene
a unit of DNA that is usually located on a chromosome and that controls the development of one or more traits and is the basic unit by which genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.
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allele
pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics. An example of an allele is the gene that determines hair color.
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dominant
the characteristic controlled by a dominant allele develops if the allele is present on one or both chromosomes in a pair.
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recessive
the variant of a gene for a particular characteristic which is masked or suppressed in the presence of the dominant variant.
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homozygous
An individual is homozygous for a certain gene if they have two identical alleles. E.g ** or ** (capital letters = dominant allele, lowercase = recessive)
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heterozygous
They are heterozygous for a certain gene if they two different alleles. E.g. XY
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genotype
The genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual.
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phenotype
The phenotype is the characteristics expressed by an individual.
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gamete
The cells from each parent that combine to form the zygote are called gametes. In humans the male gamete is called sperm, and the female gamete is called an egg. When the gametes join they form a cell called a zygote.
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zygote
The product of two joined gametes.
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heterotroph
An organism that is unable to synthesize its own organic carbon-based compounds from inorganic sources, hence, feeds on organic matter produced by, or available in, other organisms.
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autotroph
Autotrophs are the producers in a food chain, such as plants on land or algae in water. They make their own food from inorganic sources through photosynthesis (using light energy) or chemosynthesis (involving chemical energy)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a unit of DNA that is usually located on a chromosome and that controls the development of one or more traits and is the basic unit by which genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.
Back
gene
Card 3
Front
pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics. An example of an allele is the gene that determines hair color.
Back
Card 4
Front
the characteristic controlled by a dominant allele develops if the allele is present on one or both chromosomes in a pair.
Back
Card 5
Front
the variant of a gene for a particular characteristic which is masked or suppressed in the presence of the dominant variant.
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