The movement of molecules or ions (in a membrane) from a dilute (lower contentration) solution to a more (higher contentration) solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.
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Algae
Simple aquatic organisms that make their own food via photosynthesis.
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Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gas exchange.
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Bacteria
Single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
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Cell Membrane
The membrane around the contents of a cell that control what moves in and out of the cell.
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Cell Wall
The rigid structure around the plant and algal cells, it is made of cellulose & strengthens the cell.
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Cellulose
The complex carbohydrate that makes up the plant and algal cell walls and gives them strength.
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Chlorophyll
The green pigment contained in the chloroplasts.
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Chloroplasts
The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
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Cytoplasm
The water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place.
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Diffusion
The spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient.
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Eukaryotic Cells
Cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
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Hypertonic (osmosis)
A solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents.
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Hypotonic (osmosis)
A solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents.
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isotonic (osmosis)
A solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents.
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Mitochondria
The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell.
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Nucleus
Organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane (PPM) from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water) down a concentration gradient.
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Partially Permeable Membrane (PPM)
A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through.
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Permanent Vacuole
Space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap.
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Phloem
The living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant.
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Plasymolysis
The state of plant cells when so much water is lost from the cell by osmosis that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall (plant is shrivelled).
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Prokaryotric Cells
From prokaryotic organisms have a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or mor
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Resolving Power
A measure of ability to distinguish between two seperate points that are very close together, it is often used to measure the ability of a microscope.
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Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis in a cell.
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Sperm
The male sex cells or gametes that carry the genetic material from the male parent.
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Stomata
Openings in the leaves of plants, particularly on the underside and opened and closed by guarded cells, allowing gases to enter and leave the leaf.
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Turgor
The pressure inside a plant cell exerted by the cell contents pressing on the cell wall.
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Ventilated
Movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ, for example lungs or gills.
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Xylem
The non-living transport tissue in plants that transport water from the roots to the leaves and shoots.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Algae
Back
Simple aquatic organisms that make their own food via photosynthesis.
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