Nazi Society

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  • Created by: Millie
  • Created on: 05-03-13 12:10
What was the purpose of the Volksgemeinschaft?
To overcome old German divisions of class, religion and politics and to bring about a new collective national identity by encouraging people to work together.
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Did industrial workers benefit from the Third Reich ?
Yes and No. No, because the Nazis closed down all the trade unions and so they lost the right to bargain for fair pay. Because the government was controlling pay the workers' freedom was limited.
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What was the only alternative left for the workers when the trade unions were closed down?
They had to join the DAF. The DAF controlled every aspect of work life
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What was the positive side of the DAF?
Loyal workers got benefits like cultural visits.
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What was the most significant benefit for industrial workers?
The creation of employment ( by the late 1930s there was full employment)
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Did peasants and small farmers benefit from the Third Reich?
Yes, the Nazis helped agriculture quite a bit by writing off loads of farm debts and mortgages. Tarrifs to reduce imports. Intro of Reich Entailed Farm Law 1933- security of tenure to middle sized farms
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Were they any negative aspects concerning the peasants?
Despite an increase in agricultural production by 20% many farmers kept moving to the cities where wages were higher. The Reich Food Estate was resented because of the amount of control it had. The REFL was resented too.
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Did the landowners lose out in the Third Reich?
No, their economic interests were not threatened
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Did the middle class benefit under the Third Reich ?
Their position kept falling in spite of economic recovery and the attempt of the Nazis to enforce their electoral promises + big business were favoured ( re armament)
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Why did big business benefit so much?
They benefited from the Nazis' economic programme. Share prices increased a lot. When war started this provided an opportunity for big businesses to take over foreign property, land and companies.
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What were aims of Nazi education ?
To indoctrinate. To consolidate the Nazi system.
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What happened to teachers in the Third Reich?
Jewish teachers were banned and some teachers had to be re-trained if it was thought that they didn't adhere strictly enough to Nazism
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How the the curriculum change?
Adapted to fit the Nazi Aryan ideal. Lots of emphasis on PE, German language and literature( remind the kids that they were German), Biology <- deliver Nazi racial theory. History<- German nationalism.
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How did Hitler the Hitler Youth try to indoctrinate Germany's young people?
They stressed the importance of political indoctrination. They wouldn't stop talking about the achievments of the Furher and how great he was. Traditional gender roles were emphasized.
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Was the Nazi education system a success?
Not really. The standards in traditional academic subjects had fallen substantially, especially in the elite schools.
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What were the names of the youth groups that opposed the HY?
Swing Youth and Edelweiss pirates
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How did the Nazi's view religion
Not fondly. It contradicted Nazi philosophy
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With what did the Nazis try to replace Christianity ?
Teutonic paganism - The German Faith Movement
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When was the concordat signed by the Pope
July 1933
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Why did conciliation lead to conflict?
By the end of 1933 the Nazis were interfering more and more into religious affairs which caused much resentment.
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What did the Nazis hope would happen to Protestant churches?
They hoped they would be co ordinated with the help of the' German Christians' group
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When was the papal encyclical issued?
1937 - ' with burning concern'
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How did the relationship between the Churches and the state change over time?
The Ministry of Church affairs started to implement policies that would undermine the Churches.
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What did some of these policies include?
Closure of church schools. Confiscating church funds. Arresting more pastors and priests. Undermining Catholic youth groups.
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Did Nazi religious policy succeed in its aims ?
Only very limited success. German Faith Movement was a failure.
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Did the churches effectively oppose the Nazis?
No.
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What were the main reasons why were reluctant to oppose the Nazis?
They feared the power that the Nazis had. They didn't trust the policies of the left. There was nationalist sympathy for Nazism
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Name one heroic religious person who opposed the Nazis. What did this person do?
Bishop Galen. Sermon against Nazi euthanasia policy. It was so powerful that authorities couldn't arrest him and the policy was eventually stopped.
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How and why was German society changed in the 20th century?
Germany's population growth had decreased a lot. Female employment increased by a third
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What was the ideal role of women in Nazi society?
To have more kids and to bring them up well. To take care of the home and their husbands. To stop paid employment except for things like midwifery
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What were the three Ks that German women were supposed to follow
Kirche, Kuche and Kinder
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Did the Nazis reduce the number of women in employment?
Yes. Between 1933 - 36 women were not allowed to enter professions like medicine, law and the higher ranks of the civil service
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What was the purpose of the women's organizations ?
To be a tool for the propagation of anti-feminist ideology (NSF) by means of cultural, educational and social programmes.
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What were the negative effects of Nazi policies on women?
They needed more women to take up the jobs of men who were serving in the armed forces but the appeal for women to do war work wasn't convincing
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What methods did the Nazis use to encourage women to have more kids?
Marriage loans. Family allowances. Income tax reduced depending on the number of kids you had. Maternity benefits improved. Contraceptive advice and facilities were restricted.
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What was Lebensborn?
Institution created by Himmeler and overseen by the ** to promote doctrines of racial purity + take care of mothers of illegitimate children who were seen as racially correct
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How succesful was Nazi policy on women?
Idealistic but impractical. Women were needed in the workforce to curb the shortage of men. It was mainly contradictory and incoherent- enouraging women to take up factory jobs etc whilst maintaining that women should stay at home. Increase in births
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Who were the outsiders of the Volksgemeinschaft?
Ideological opponents. The ' biologically inferior'. Asocials
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How were ideological opponents treated?
sent to early concentration camps or imprisoned esp. communists
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How were the biologically inferior treated?
July 1933- The Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring - complusory sterilization
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How were the asocials treated?
'Orderly' workshy- organized into compulsory work. ' Disorderly'- imprisoned and sometimes sterilized or experimented on. Homosexuals were sent to prisons and were forced to wear pink triangles; lesbians weren't persecuted.
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Did Nazism's Volksgemeinschaft create a social revolution in the Third Reich?
No. Middle and working class were under a lot of social and economic pressure; elites continues to thrive. Women were supposed to stay at home but this was impractical during the war. Christianity was supposed to be eradicated but it survived + more
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What percentage of 10-18 year olds were part of the youth movements?
77.2% in 1938
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Why did membership in the HY increase so much and when was membership made compulsory?
Parents were pressurized. 1939
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Name the other youth movements as well as the people who could join them
The German Young (DJ)-boys 10-14.The League of Young Girls(JM)-girls 10-14. The league of German Girls(BDM)- girls 14-18
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What percentage of teachers were members of the party in 1936?
66%/ two thirds
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What had happened to the recruitment of teachers in 1938?
It had fallen remarkably. There were 8000 vacancies and only 2500 were coming out of teacher training colleges.
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Who really benefited from being part of the Hitler Youth
Children from poorer backgrounds. It gave them opportunities like camping, sports and music.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Did industrial workers benefit from the Third Reich ?

Back

Yes and No. No, because the Nazis closed down all the trade unions and so they lost the right to bargain for fair pay. Because the government was controlling pay the workers' freedom was limited.

Card 3

Front

What was the only alternative left for the workers when the trade unions were closed down?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the positive side of the DAF?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the most significant benefit for industrial workers?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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