When did the Fatimids take Jerusalem from the Seljuks?
1098
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What happened at the Battle of Manzikert 1071?
20,000 Seljuks under Alp Arslan defeated 70,000 Byzantines under Emperor Romanos and the Seljuks took Anatolia creating the Sultanate of Rum
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What created divisions in the Muslim world in 1092?
The Seljuk sultan Malik Shah and his chief commander died. His two young sons fought to be sultan contesting control of Iraq and Iran while Shah's brother sought to seize power in Syria
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What effected Egypt in 1094?
The Fatimid Caliph and his vizier died
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What further divisions were created in the Muslim world in 1095?
Malik Shah's brother died and his sons Ridwan took Aleppo and Duqaq took Damascus, Egypt also found a new vizier of Armenian heritage al-Afdal
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Why was the Near East almost insignificant to the Muslim world before 1095?
It was a border zone between two dominant spheres of influence, sometimes to be contested but almost always a secondary concern
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How did Asbridge describe the Near East in the 1090s?
a fractured patchwork of disparate social and devotional groups (Greeks, Armenians, Syrians, Copts, Jews, Arabs, Persians, Turks) and not a purebred Islamic stronghold
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