Separated from neighbouring muscle or muscle groups by fascia. Entire muscle covered by epimysium. The fascicle is held together by strong connective tissue sheath called perimysium.
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What is fascia?
A thin sheath of fibrous tissue separating muscles and groups
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What is epimysium?
A sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle
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What is a fascicle?
A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers
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What is endomysium?
Fills the spaces between fibres to act as padding. Is specialised connective tissue
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What is meant by highly vascularised and what is example?
Contains a lot of blood vessels - muscles are highly vascularised
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How does the muscle get energy?
Each fiber is surrounded by capillaries to bring energy to the muscle
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What is intermusclar septa?
Thick fasciae (sheet of connective tissue) that separates compartments
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What is a compartment?
An enclosed space. Each compartment contains; one or more functionally related muscles, nerves, blood vessels
The most common muscle shape which is tapered at each end
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What is the function of fusiform shaped muscle?
To generate large forces
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Example of a fusiform muscle?
Gastrocnemius
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What is the function of a trainglar/convergent muscle?
Very strong with many fibers
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Example of triangular muscle?
Temporalis
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What is the function of a parallel muscle?
Limited force but shorter than most
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Example of parallel muscle?
Rectus abdominis
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What is the function of a pennate muscle?
Most force, lots of fibers for given length of muscle
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Example of pennate muscle?
Deltoid
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What different ways can muscle be attached?
Indirect attachent, aponeurosis, direct (fleshy) attachment
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Describe what is an indirect attachment?
Tendom attach muscle to bone, connect into periosteum (bone covering) then matrix
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Describe what is an Aponeurosis?
Broad sheet of tendon, muscles are running alongside bone and connecting in multiple places
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Describe what is a direct attachment?
Close assoication with bone, gap contains collagen fibers
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What is meant by muscle origin?
Muscle attachment at relatively stationary end of bone e.g. at the shoulder end of triceps
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What is meant by insertion?
Muscle attachment at a more mobile end of bone e.g. at elbow end of triceps
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What is meant by belly in muscle terms?
It is the area between origin and insertion e.g. triceps
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What is meant by agonist?
Skeletal muscles which produce movement e.g. biceps
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What is meant by antagonist?
Skeletal muscles which stabilise and prevent overshooting by their actions counteracting that of another muscle e.g. triceps
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What is fatigue?
When a muscle loses its ability to contract during strenuous exercise
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What is a muscle cramp?
Occurs due to a lack of ATP required to return calcium ions back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum so muscle fibers can relax
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What happens when our muscular system ages?
Loss of lean body mass (muscle), fat accumulaton, fast glycolytic fibers earliest, reduction in muscle components, reduction in nervous system components (nervous signals)
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What is myopathies?
Diseases of muscle
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What is muscular dystrophy?
It is a hereditary muscular disease where your skeletal muscle degenerates. Due to lack of dystrophin, which means cells don't attach properly to matrix. Over time, muscle deteriorate as aren't used
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What is dystrophin?
Protein that links actin to the cell membrane (Sarcolemma) when defective this leads to muscular dystrophy
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What is myasthenia gravis?
An autoimmune disease which involves the destruction of ACh receptors (muscles don't realise they're being signalled to). Antibodies block signalling at neuromuscular junctions causing weakened skeletal muscles. Breathing, eating and vision problems
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What is meant by aponeurosis?
A sheet of dense fibrous regular connective tissue (tendon-like) which connects muscle to muscle
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is fascia?
Back
A thin sheath of fibrous tissue separating muscles and groups
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