Multicultural Societies in the UK

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  • Created by: EmmBlr
  • Created on: 01-06-17 09:26
What is a multicultural society?
The status of several ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups coexisting in harmony in the same society.
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What is ethnic segregation?
Clustering of people with similar ethnic or cultural characteristics in seperate urban residential areas.
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Why do ethnic enclaves exist?
Discrimination or poverty prevents them from living in wealthy areas. Prefernce/Economic motive. Some persist due to increased deprivation.
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What are the 3 approaches?
Separation/Segregation. Assimilation - A person or persons aquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group. Pluralism - people of different social groups are together in a society but have their own traditions and interests.
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Where are Pakistani people concentrated in the UK?
Bradford, Leeds and Birmingham
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What brought Indians to the East midlands?
Car and Clothing manufacture
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What is the multicultural make-up in London?
25% migrants. 6% Indian, 5% Caribbean, 5% African.
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What is the multicultural make-up in Northern Ireland?
More than 99% white - has the least amount of Ethnic variation in the UK
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How many Polish migrants have there been since the 1960s?
600,000 - 92% between 2001 and 2011. 160,000 live in London
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Which migrants arrived in the C18th?
Black migrants from the slave trade in Liverpool and Bristol.
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Which migrants arrived in the C19th?
Jewish arrivals from Russia, Irish escaping poverty
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Which migrants arrived in the 1930-40s?
Jewish escaping from WW2
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What happened in June 1948
Empire Windrush brought hundreds from the West Indes for work
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Which migrants arrived between 1948-60s?
Caribbean workers invited to help rebuild post-war Britain
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Which migrants arrived in the 1950s-60s?
Asians from India, Bangladesh and Pakistan escaping poverty
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What changed in 1972?
Heavier legislation on migration
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Which migrants arrived in the 1980s-90s?
Eastern European refugees escaping the Soviet Union
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Which migrants arrived in the 2000s?
Enlargement of the EU. 2004 - 8 countries joined including Poland. 2007 - Romania and Bulgaria joined
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What is multiculturalism?
A philosophy which promotes multiple culures in a society
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Multiculturalism in the UK
Official 'Life in the UK' test. Notting Hill riots marked as racially motivated. Urban areas possess greater ethnic diversity
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What did the 1981 Scarmen report warn of?
Urgent action needed to tackle racial disadvantage and distrust in police.
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Describe the UK riots of 2011.
15000 rioters. £500 million damage. 48000 businesses suffered. High proportion of middle-class youngsters. 46% prosecuted were Balck. Epicentre in Tottenham - most diverse postcode in UK, poor borough. Poverty and inequality fuelled - 43 seekers/job.
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By how many times are Caribbean boys more likely to be unemployed?
3x
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What is the make-up of the London Metropolitan police?
32,000 officers, 868 Black - highly disproportionate
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What is Southamption's multicultural society like?
Polish - integration, work ethic, respect for law, created a diverse retail ethnoscape. Asians - longstanding, mainly Indian, well-integrated, annual Mela Festival hosted by city. Multicultural capital of S., pro-cultural diversity policies.
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Benefits of a multicultural society
Better understanding, increased tolerance, greater diversity, a well-integrated population is a source of national pride, migrants bring business links and investment (£5bn in 2014), fill low paid jobs.
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By what percentage are migrants LESS likely to claim benefits and live in social housing?
5% less likely to claim benefits. 58% less likely to live in social housing.
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Challenges of a multicultural society
Protest groups form, Economic impact on migrants not equally spread, ethnic tensions and violence, greater demand for housing (price increase), impact on schools - languages, some enclaves more socially isolated.
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Impact of migration in Boston - Unemployment
Perception: migrants taking jobs from residents. Evidence: NONE. Unemployment in Boston is well below national average - 4.4% in Boston
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Impact of migration in Boston - Growth in population
Perception: Too many migrants changing the town. Evidence: Between 2001-2011, percentage population change in Boston - 16%, percentage population change in England - 8%. Double
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Impact of migration in Boston - Wages
Perception: Immigrants driving down local wage groups. Evidence: Always been a low-pay town. But it is now an exceptionally low-paid place. National average hourly wage - £13.33. In Boston - £9.13
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Impact of migration in Boston - Housing
Perception: Not enough housing and rents have increased. Evidence: Councils keep housing aside for migrants. 10 workers each pay £60/week to share 3-bed house - gross rental income £30,000 a year. Locals can't afford it. Housing supply low. Temporary
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Effects of multicultural societies: Housing
Concentrations of ethnic minorities reinforced by later migrants who seek suppot and security of living near friends. Poor migrant communities often live close to poor British communities, easy for them to blame migrants for poor opportunities.
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Effects of multicultural societies: Education
Concentrations of minorities in inner city areas, some schools dominated by one ethnic group, affecting education requirements. Variation in education attainment still being examined. Evidence that Black Caribbean children are underachieving.
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Effects of multicultural societies: Health
As literacy and education standards have improved, there have been fewer concerns. Poor inner city living standards may lead to poorer health.
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Effects of multicultural societies: Language and Religion
Closed communities often maintain their own ethnic language, can be a problem for women as they may be confined to their house or local area. Ethnic minorities may become isolated from society around them, can lead to hostility between communities.
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Effects of multicultural societies: Economic
Migrants now account for 1/8 of working population, estimated economic boost output £6bn. Much of this labour unskilled and low-paid. Cost of state benefits for migrant housing, ducation and unemployment may cause resentment and racial intolerance.
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Solutions in the UK
Improving educational provision of English. Esuring access to information about services. Suitable services for ethnic gorups: food shops, same-sex doctors. Integrate communities by providing facilites to encourage meetings. Leaders in local decision
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How many Somalis are in Bristol and where are they concentrated?
6500-10,000. Concentrated in Lawrence Hill, Eston and Ashley. The largest ethnic minority group in Bristol.
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What percentage of school children are Somali?
5%. Some schools have no Somali children, others are 56% Somali.
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Qualifications and education of Somalis in Bristol.
Percentage achieving 5A*-C at GCSE: 50% in Bristol, 35% Somali community. 35% of Lawrence Hill residents have NO Qalifications
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What percentage of Lawrence Hill residents agree that people of different backgrounds get on well together?
55%
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What is Bristol City Council doing?
Reducing street conflict between Caribbean and Somali communities
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is ethnic segregation?

Back

Clustering of people with similar ethnic or cultural characteristics in seperate urban residential areas.

Card 3

Front

Why do ethnic enclaves exist?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the 3 approaches?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where are Pakistani people concentrated in the UK?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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