Microscopy - (Module 2.1.1) - Flashcards in A Level and IB Biology

Why is a LASER used in a laser scanning confocal microscope? and thus what would this result in?

to produce a higher intensity and therefore obtain a higher resolution.

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What is the resolution and magnification of a LIGHT microscope?

200nm resolution and 2000x magnification

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Which microscope produces a THREE dimensional image?

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

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What are the DISADVANTAGES of electron microscopy? (3)

Expensive to buy OR set up OR install OR operate. Specimen preparation is complex, often distorting the sample. Specimen has to be dead.

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Please NAME the different mounting options regarding the preparation of a sample.

Dry mount, wet mount, squash slide, smear slide.

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What is the ORDER of stage preparing a sample?

Fixing, Sectioning, Staining, Mounting. If you're having trouble remembering this, then please consider this anagram I made. FSSM. "Flowers smell so much". F(ixing)lowers S(ectioning)mell S(taining)o M(ounting)uch.

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What is GRAM STAINING used to differentiate between?

Gram-positive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria.

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What is the formula to find MAGNIFICATION?

M=I/A. If you're having trouble remembering this then please consider remembering by using the anagram of "Missing In Action".

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What is the definition of RESOLUTION?

Resolution is the smallest distance between two objects that still allows them to be distinguished as separate entities.

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Please NAME examples of positive stains.

Methylene blue and crystal violet. (These go inside the cell)

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What is the resolution and magnification for a SEM?

500,000x magnification and 3-10nm resolution

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Why is the ANGLE essential when placing a cover slip ontop of a wet mount in sample preparation?

the angle is essential to prevent an artefact from being formed (something seen on the microscope whilst viewing the specimen that is separate from it.. eg an air bubble)

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What is ACID-FAST staining used to distinguish?

Mycobacterium from other bacteria.

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What is the resolution and magnification for a TEM?

500,000x magnification and 0.5nm resolution

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What is the definition for MAGNIFICATION?

Magnification is how many times larger an image appears in comparison to the original object/specimen (try to use object as opposed to specimen as this will help to remember the formula too)

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please NAME the lens names of a light compound microscope and thus their relative places in relation to the microscope structure.

So the specimen is magnified by the OBJECTive lens (which is closest to the OBJECT) and then the EYEpiece lens (is one nearest to the eye) magnifies the image again. This is why you must use both lenses to work out the magnification. (NEXT CARD)

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following on from the last card, lets say you have to workout the magnification and the objective lens is 50x and the eyepiece is lens is 10x

simply to work out the magnification just do 50 x 10= 500. therefore the answer is 500. don't get caught out in the exam!! x

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so those are the basics for microscopy, lovelies **

happy revising, and i hope that you get the grade you want, don't stress you'll be fine xoxox

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Get Revising

Microscopy - (Module 2.1.1)

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