Ethical theories that morals are part of the natural world and can be observed
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According to naturalsim, evil and moral are ....
absolute facts
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Is naturalism cognitive or non-cognitive?
Cognitive
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What do they view ethical statements and non-ethical statements as?
The same thing
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What did F.H Bradley believe?
We observe what our moral duties are by looking at our position in society
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What did Aquinas believe?
We could look at the world and perceive the morals
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What is Hume's Law
We cannot go from an is to an ought
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What did Phillipa Foot believe?
When calling someone honest, we do so because we have EVIDENCE to back it up - we have observed them.
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Weakness of Naturalism?
Morals can be seen as subjective, not objective. What if it breaks the law? Mackie = rules aren't facts, they're accepted to varying degrees.
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What is meant by Intuitionism?
Ethical theories that says moral knowledge is received in a different way to science and logic
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What does G. E. Moore argue?
Good is just good, it can't be defined. Similar to the colour yellow - can't be defined.
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What does Moore mean by naturalistic fallacy?
You can't define good in terms of something else in the natural world. Similar to Hume
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What was R.A Pritchard's argument?
Reason collects the facts and intuition determines the course of action.
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What did W.D Ross argue?
What's right is always unique as we'll never know all the facts of the situation. We have prima facia duties = things that are the obvious course of action, eg. promise keeping.
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Strengths of Intuitionism?
Not guilty of naturalistic fallacy. Explains why societies have different laws. Does not require God
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Weaknesses of Intuitionism?
Ignores our senses. How do we know it's correct? What if they conflict?
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What is meant by emotivism?
Ethical theories that says moral statements aren't facts, but are beliefs or emotions
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Explain the boo/hurrah theory.
Our statements about what is right or wrong are just expressions of approval or disapproval.
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What does A.J Ayer argue?
Moral statements can't be facts because they can't be verified. He says they're still meaningful, and also argues that no one person is better than someone else.
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What does C.L Stevenson argue?
Moral statements contain an attempt to persuade others to believe the same thing.
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Strengths of Emotivism?
- Emotions = human response. - Everyone can understand it. - Everyone's opinions are equally valid
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Weaknesses of Emotivism?
- James Rachels = reason can explain it as well. - MacIntrye = doesn't explain how we distinguish moral feeling and attitudes from other feelings and attitudes.
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Strengths of Naturalism?
a
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
According to naturalsim, evil and moral are ....
Back
absolute facts
Card 3
Front
Is naturalism cognitive or non-cognitive?
Back
Card 4
Front
What do they view ethical statements and non-ethical statements as?
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