- Endel Tulving suggested MSM model = too simplistic & proposed LTM is 3 separate stores:
- Episodic memory = substore for events/episodes
- Semantic memory = s'store for facts/info
- Procedural memory = s'store for skills/actions/procedures
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Episodic Memory
- Recall of specific events (recent and distant past)
- Time-stamped = know to some degree when it happened
- Complex = contain detail about people present, weather, emotions, numbers...
- Conscious effort required to remember
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Semantic Memory
- General facts = memory for lang., facts/info...
- Vast capacity = potentially unlimited & added to throughout life (can retain thousands of memories)
- Not time-stamped = cannot remember when learned
- Conscious effort required
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Procedural Memory
- Memory for action sequences or specific skills e.g. writing, driving, playing instruments...
- Often subconscious
- Not time-stamped and difficult to teach to others
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AO3 Strength - HM
- Fully impaired episodic memory; could never events after lobotomy
- Could remember semantic facts before age 16 - partially impaired
- Procedural memory was unimpaired
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AO3 Strength - Clive Wearing
- Viral infection damaged hippocampus
- Impairment of LTM: fully impaired episodic mem, partially impaired semantic, fully functioning procedural mem
- Semantic: could remember wife Deborah; procedural: could play piano
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AO3 Strength - Neurology/ PET Scan Results (Tulving et al, 1994)
- Pps did recall tasks testing their semantic/episodic memory
- Episodic memory resulted in activity of right prefrontal cortex
- Semantic memory showed activity in left prefrontal cortex
- Split LTM as substores have different locations
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AO3 Memory Improvement - Belleville et al (2006)
- Pps had mild cognitive impairments
- Episodic memories were easier to improve when tested than semantic/procedural
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
- Recall of specific events (recent and distant past)
- Time-stamped = know to some degree when it happened
- Complex = contain detail about people present, weather, emotions, numbers...
- Conscious effort required to remember
Back
Episodic Memory
Card 3
Front
- General facts = memory for lang., facts/info...
- Vast capacity = potentially unlimited & added to throughout life (can retain thousands of memories)
- Not time-stamped = cannot remember when learned
- Conscious effort required
Back
Card 4
Front
- Memory for action sequences or specific skills e.g. writing, driving, playing instruments...
- Often subconscious
- Not time-stamped and difficult to teach to others
Back
Card 5
Front
- Fully impaired episodic memory; could never events after lobotomy
- Could remember semantic facts before age 16 - partially impaired
- Procedural memory was unimpaired
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