Legal Authorities (Juries)

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  • Created by: lilbarc
  • Created on: 22-09-15 12:58
Magna Carta (1215)
The first legal document to acknowledge a persons right to a trial by jury
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Bushells Case (1670)
Establishes that juries are sole arbiters of fact, and couldn't be controlled or pressured by the judge in any way
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R v McKenna (1960)
A more recent case that further demonsrates that judges cant challenge or influence jury decisions. Occurred after a judge threatmened that if a decision wasnt made in 10 minutes they would be locked up all night.
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Juries Act 1974
Contains the majority of the present laws on juries. Particulary the power for a foreman to announce numbers both agreeing and disagreeing with the verdict (this is then ammended via R v Pigg)
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s8 Contempt of Court Act (1981)
The act that makes discussing the case outside of the jury room a criminal offence
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R v Pigg
Made it allowed that the foreman could read out only the number of people agreeing with the verdict, providing that number was a legal majority (11-1 or 10-12 for criminal cases with 12 jurors)
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Administration of Justice Act 1933
Limited the right to use a jury in civil cases and they couldn't be used in breaches of contract
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County Courts Act 1984 + Senior Courts 1981
Contains present laws for civil cases. Trial by jury is allowed in defamation, false imprisonment, malicious prosecution and fraud cases
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Ward V James (1966)
The case that started laying down guidelines for personal injury cases. It states they shouldn't have a jury due to a difficult and complex assessment of ot only liability but of damages as well
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Singh V London Underground (1990)
Further shows how courts have proved reluctant to allow juries in personal injury cases
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H v Ministry of Defence (1991)
Further reinforces the Ward V James verdict
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Coroners and Justice Act (2009)
Contains law of use of juries in the coroners court. Juries are used when their is suspicion that death was unnatural, violent, unknown, a police action/ommission or caused by notifiable accident (poison/disease)
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Ther Criminal Justice Act (2003)
Sets out qualifications needed for jury service (what are they?), established excusals (what are they?) and allows judges, lawyers and police to be jurors
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R v Abdroikof (2007)
Established that having a police officer on a jury doesn't neccessarily make an unfair trial. It is only unfair if they worked with anyone on the case. Is this the current UK law?
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R v Sussex Justices ex Parte McCarthy (1924)
Case where the presence of a juror who was a crown prosecutor (an employee of the court) made for an unfair trial. The judge stated "justice must not only be done, but must also be seen to be done"
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Hanif v UK (2012)
The European Court of Human Rights ruled that a police officer on a jury was a breach of article 6 of the echr. Is this the current UK law? Should it be? Why?
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Article 6 of the ECHR
European Convention of Human Rights: "The right to a fair trial"
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The Mental Health Act 1983
Describes people who are mentally disabled. Why does the Criminal Justice Act 2003 recieve criticism in relation to this?
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Morris Commitee Report (1972)
Changed the law that in order to be on a jury you had to be an owner/tenant of a property.
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The Criminal Justice Act 1972
Where jury qualifications were widened to include those who had the right to vote
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s10 Juries Act 1974
lack of capacity is that someone doesnt understand english
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s9 Juries Act 1974
lack of capacity is a disability that makes someone unable to be juror ie. deaf/blindness
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s9(b) Juries Act 1974
Clarifies that if someone has a disability they aren't automatically disqualified, the judge decides at the court whether they can cope with juror responsibilities and give a fair trial
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Brownlow (1980)
A case where the defendant sought to vet the jury but it was ruled as an invasion of privacy
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R v Mason (1980)
Held that police could check juries because they need to check for disqalifications
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s5 Juries act 1974
Holds the laws on challenging to the array
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ABC Government Secrets Trial 1988
where deeper background checks of the jury were made to check political affiliations. (In this case two journalists and a solider were charged with collecting secret information).
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Broderick (1970) and Ford (1989)
There are no grounds for challenging a jury panel which is imbalanced racially or not reflecting the overall racial composition of the area from which jurors are summoned
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R v Wilson and R v Sprason (1995)
) the wife of a prison officer knew of the defendants through her husband but was not permitted to be excused so she sat on a jury who convicted two men of robbery. These convictions were later quashed because of her potential bias.
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AG Guidlelines 1988
Make clear than a challenge to stand by should only be used rarely
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Establishes that juries are sole arbiters of fact, and couldn't be controlled or pressured by the judge in any way

Back

Bushells Case (1670)

Card 3

Front

A more recent case that further demonsrates that judges cant challenge or influence jury decisions. Occurred after a judge threatmened that if a decision wasnt made in 10 minutes they would be locked up all night.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Contains the majority of the present laws on juries. Particulary the power for a foreman to announce numbers both agreeing and disagreeing with the verdict (this is then ammended via R v Pigg)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The act that makes discussing the case outside of the jury room a criminal offence

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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