Learning Table 5-Compensatory Education policies

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  • Created by: Heather
  • Created on: 28-12-14 13:03
What are compensatory policies designed to do?
To raise achievement levels of students who come from matrially and culturally deprived family backgrounds
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What are the 6 compensatory policies?
Operation Head Start, Education Action Zone, Sure Start, Education Maintenance Allowance, Pupil Premium and Free School Meals
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Where and when was Operation Head Start introduced?
USA, 1960s
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What 3 things did Operation Headstart do to raise achievment in children?
It provided pre-school education to improve learning skills, -The children recieved a range of screenings e.g.medical, vision, hearing, develoment and dental, -Children were provided with at least one third of their nutritional requirements,
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What two things did Operation Headstart do to help parents?
They offered parenting skills, -Parental involvement was a key part and encouraged thm to be involved in the classroom,
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What are two criticisms of Operation Headstart?
-Although there were short term gain in IQ, there were no long term gains in intelligence, -Intervention came too late in a childs life-Children didnt start until 3-4 years of age,
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What project showed better improvements to achievement and describe how it helped?
Milwaukee Project-They selected new bron infants with mothers of low IQs for participation- Mothers were also given an education and training in skills as well as the infant, leading to sustained gains in IQ,
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When was education Action Zone introduced?
1990s
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What type of schools did it help and who did it partner with for what purpose?
It helped 'failing' primary and secondary schools in partnership with loca businesses to raise money
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What did the Education Action Zone encourage and an example?
It encouraged innovation e.g. running Saturday classes and employment of Advanced Skills Teachers,
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In what 4 ways did Education Action Zone raise achievement?
-Improving teaching and learning, -Provided social inclusion, -Support for families and parents, -Worked closely with other businesses and other organisations,
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What are the 2 criticisms of Education Action zone?
-Funding was inadequate, -Money was not the only answer-Patchy success shows it is difficult for schools to compensate for material and cultural deprivation, it has been found some schools using EAZ have done worse in terms of achievement,
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When was Sure Start introduced?
2000s
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What was the aim of Sure Start?
To give children the best possible start in life,
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Who did the scheme target?
Children from conception until around 14 years old, parents and communities also targeted,
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What other 3nways did Sure Start raise achievement?
It encouraged a high quality learning environment for babies and young children- lots of simulating play, -They provide a range of activites to help parents bond with children, -Works towards early identfication and support for special needs children
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What are 2 criticisms of Sure Start
-Although the programme was benefitting some poor families, children of teenage mothers, unemployed and lone parents did worse, -Researchers believe those who were able to make the most out of the services were taking support from those in more need,
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Who introduced Education Maintenance Allowance and when did it start and end?
Labour, 2004-2012
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What was the aim of EMA?
to encourage disadvantaged children to continue into further education e.g. A-levels
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How did it try to achieve this aim\what did it do?
Students whose household income was below 30,000 per year were entitled to a weekly allowance of up to 30 to help with the cost of studying if they had good attendance and were hard working,
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What two things did it encourage?
It encourged social mobiliy as it gave students the opportunity to break out of family patterns, -Encourages studens to spen more time studying rahter than part-time work,
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What evidence is there to show it improved peformance of children?
It improve A-level performance by 4.5%
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What are 3 criticisms of Surestart?
-Morally wrong to offr young people financial incentivies to stay on as it should be voluntary, -sometimes creates resentment between students who recieve nothing for their work, -extemely costly for the government to maintain -costs of over 549 year
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What is Free School Meal's aim and how?
To narroe the divide in achievement gap between rich and poor pupils- It is suggested children with a regular heathly meal were more likely to be able to concentrate and get better exam results,
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Who is Free School Meals available for originally and from September 2014?
All chidren whose parents may be in receipt of other types of benefits such as income support or earn less than 16,000 per year, -Availble from September 2014, all primary school children from reception to year 2,
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How much does FSM cost a year?
It cost 600 million per year,
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How is FSM used as an indicator for what?
The number of children claiming FSM is used as an indictor or measure of poverty,
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What is FSM's long term benefit?
it teaches healthy eating habits from early on and demonstrates a public health approach and eases pressure on household budget,
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What two things have teachers criticised about FSM?
-Teacher unions have backed an initiative but want it extended to older children to, -Believe it has a detrimental effect on other areas of school life e.g.more money spent on facilities and morelunch time to feed all kids,
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What is the last criticism of FSM?
There are concerns money has been taken from the most deprived families to fund FSM. e.g. government has made cuts to child benefitd and the FSM scheme allows wealthy children also,
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What are two examples of anti-discrimination policies?
-Multicultural education, -Anti-racist education
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When was multicultural eduction introduced?
1980s
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What are the 2 ways multicultural education raises achievement?
-Encourages schools to recognie cultural diversity e.g celebrating Diwali, -Encourages schools to move away from ethnocentric curricula e.g. literature courses that draw on famous black authors,
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what is the one criticim of multicultural education?
-Pressures on the National Curriculum have often squeezed out teaching time for multicultural education,
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When wad anti-racist education introduced?
1980S
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What are the two ways anti-racist educaton raises achievement?
-Aims to directly root out racism in schools e.g. appointig more ethnic minorities, -aims to make teacherd more aware of race issues e.g. monitoring teaching resources so they arent racist,
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What is one criticism of anti-racist education?
-Proved hard to implement because of the media and politial reservations againt positive discrimination,
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 6 compensatory policies?

Back

Operation Head Start, Education Action Zone, Sure Start, Education Maintenance Allowance, Pupil Premium and Free School Meals

Card 3

Front

Where and when was Operation Head Start introduced?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What 3 things did Operation Headstart do to raise achievment in children?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What two things did Operation Headstart do to help parents?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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