An increase in some measured quantity, such as height or weight.
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Development
Complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities.
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Centile lines (percentiles)
Lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference. The lines represent the values of the measurements taking into account age and sex.
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Development norms
A description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child's development. For example, by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone.
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Milestone
An ability achieved by most children by a certain age. It can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills, for example walking, sharing with others, expressing emotions, recognising familiar sounds and talking.
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Gross motor skills
Large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body which are required for mobility, for example, rolling over.
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Fine motor skills
Involve smaller movements that require more precise direction (dexterity) and use smaller muscles, for example picking up a pencil.
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Adolescence
An important status change following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult.
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Puberty
A period of rapid growth during which young people reach sexual maturity, and become biologically able to reproduce and secondary sexual characteristics develop.
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Hormones
Chemical substances produced produced in the body and transported in the blood stream that control or regulate body cells or body organs. For example, the sex hormones which are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
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Menopause
The ending of female fertility, including the cessation of menstruation and reduction in production of female sex hormones.
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Life expectancy
An estimate of the number of years, on average, that a person can expect to live. sometimes called longevity.
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Cognitive impairment
When a person has trouble remembering, learning new skills, concentrating or making decisions that affect their everyday life.
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Abstract logical thinking
The ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced from of thinking that does not always need a practical context in order to take place.
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Egocentric thinking
Not being able to see a situation from another person's point of view. Piaget thought that a young child assumed that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does.
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Concrete logical thinking
The ability to solve problems providing an individual can see or physically handle the issues involved.
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Equilibrium
A state of cognitive balance when a child's experience is in line with what they understand.
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Disequilibrium
A state of cognitive imbalance between experience and what is understood.
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Accomodation
Modifying schemas (concepts) in relation to new information and experiences.
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Emotional literacy
the ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions. Emotional literacy is essential for forming positive social relationships.
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Empathy
The ability to identify with or understand another's situation or feelings, 'walking a mile in someone else's shoes'.
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Attachment
A strong emotional connection between a child and caregiver.
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Self-image
The way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves.
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Self-esteem
How a person feels about themselves, self-worth or pride.
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Self-concept (a sense of identity)
An awareness formed in early childhood of being an individual, a unique person and different from everyone else.
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Deprivation
Being deprived of a care giver to whom an attachment already exists.
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Privation
Being deprived of the opportunity to form an attachment.
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Separation anxiety
The fear and apprehension that infants experience when separated form their primary caregiver.
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Stranger anxiety
When an infant becomes anxious and fearful around strangers.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities.
Back
Development
Card 3
Front
Lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference. The lines represent the values of the measurements taking into account age and sex.
Back
Card 4
Front
A description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child's development. For example, by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone.
Back
Card 5
Front
An ability achieved by most children by a certain age. It can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills, for example walking, sharing with others, expressing emotions, recognising familiar sounds and talking.
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