Language Change Revision 0.0 / 5 ? English LanguageLanguage ChangeA2/A-levelAQA Created by: seethosestarsCreated on: 22-10-18 12:43 Etymology Origin of words 1 of 32 Orthography The appearance of words (shape, etc) 2 of 32 Standardisation Process of language being fixed 3 of 32 Prescriptivism The argument that language should be fixed and rules shouldn't change 4 of 32 Caxton's Printing Press 1467 5 of 32 Impact of Caxton's Printing Press Language beforehand had been written according to dialect, used words from cambridge/london 6 of 32 Johnson's Dictionary 1755 7 of 32 Flaws of Johnson's Dictionary Impractical, huge, inconsistent 8 of 32 Oxford Dictionary 1888 9 of 32 Robert Lowth A short introduction to grammar 10 of 32 Thomas Wilson 1533 'The arte of retorique' (inkhorn terms) 11 of 32 Inkhorn Terms Words taken from other languages e.g chandelier, 12 of 32 Samuel Daniel 1599, English language should be fixed 13 of 32 Thomas Nash 1593, monosyllabic Anglo-Saxon language not good enough for English Language 14 of 32 Compounding Merging 2 words to make a new one e.g user-friendly, blackbird 15 of 32 Clipping Shortened terms became the norm e.g gym, ex 16 of 32 Blending Clipping and compounding together e.g moped newscast 17 of 32 Acronyms First letters taken and made into a new (said) word e.g AWOL LOL 18 of 32 Initialisms Pronounced as initials e.g CD DVD 19 of 32 Affixiations Free morphemes combined with bound morphemes e.g disinterest uncomfortable 20 of 32 Conversion/function shift One word class to the other e.g google, text 21 of 32 Eponym Name of person defines object e.g Hoover 22 of 32 Back formation Verbs created from existing noun by removing suffix e.g liase, locate 23 of 32 Amelioration Semantic change to positive meaning 24 of 32 Pejoration Semantic change to negative meaning 25 of 32 Weakening Semantic change to weaker meaning 26 of 32 Strengthening Semantic change to stronger meaning 27 of 32 Broadening Semantic change to wider meaning 28 of 32 Narrowing Semantic change to narrower meaning 29 of 32 Neosemy New meaning for the same word 30 of 32 Figurative Expressions Dead metaphors, cliche, euphemism (disphemism), metonymy (suit for business executive, etc) 31 of 32 Picmatic Language North Eastern dialect 32 of 32
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