Revising the Centuries
- Created by: Yaz_Humphreys
- Created on: 12-01-17 15:13
1600s Lexical/Semantic features
-The second person pronoun ye/you and thou/thee/thy
-Archaic and obsolete terms
-Huge increase in neologisms, known as ''inkhorn terms''
-Pillaging of latin and Greek
-Standardisation of professions
1600s Grammatical features
-Archaic syntax, especially in the formation of questions
-The absence of the dummy auxiliary
1600s Orthographic features
-Non-standard spellings
-Inflections, especially -est and -eth
-Interchangeable letters i/j, y/i, and u/v
1600s Phonological features
-Inflections especially -est and -eth
-Some spellings arising from difference in regional dialect (Although infrequent)
1600s Graphological features
-Ligatures
-The Long s
-Large and/or decorative letters used to mark discourse structure
1700s Lexical/Semantic features
-Received Pronunciation is coined
-Neologisms slow after preceding century
-Prescriptive idea of ''correct'' meaning
1700s Grammatical features
-Capitalisation of nouns
-Recognition of only 2 noun cases (nominative and possessive)
-Who/what/that
-Children referred to as ''it''
-2 negatives equal an affirmative
-Don't end a sentence with a preposition
-Many of the defining features of the 1800s can also be sen inconsistently
1700s Orthographical features
-Basically standardised this century (technically at the beginning, officially at the end)
-Confusion over the correct way to write compound words
1700s Phonological features
-Emergence of convergence and divergence
-Elocution lessons become fashionable
1700s Graphological features
-Not a lot of change from 1600s
-Quality and clarity of printed texts improve somewhat
1800s Lexical/Semantic features
-Coining of 100,000s of new words as the result of Industrial Revolution
-Neologisms created by borrowing affixation, compounding, abbreviation
-Influx of borrowed words from French (Highest rate since medieval times)
-Word class conversions
1800s Grammatical features
-Auxiliary verbs
-Negative adverbials
-'Double' uses of to be and verb tenses
-Nonstandard uses currently frowned upon
-Nonstandard plurals in noun phrases
-Adverbs missing the conventional lyending
-Comparison adjectives
-Mayn't
-Greater use of the subjunctivbe tense
-The progressive passive is largely absent
-Get/got became more prevalent and were considered unappealing (Probably American influence)
-The split infinitive was identified and fought
1800s Orthographical features
-Very little change in this area from the 1800s-1900s
1800s Graphological features
-The long s vanishes in print around 1824 and from handwriting in the second half of this century
1900s Lexical/Semantic features
-Continued creation of new words extending from the 1800s in the fields of science, technology, media and warfare
1900s Grammatical features
-Them as a Demonstrative form
-Comparative and superlative forms
-Singular forms of plural numerical expressions
-Alternative personal forms of you
-Possessive forms used as third person reflexive pronouns
-Singular form of be with plurals subject
-Of as an auxiliary
-Ain't and in't
-Using the same form of a verb across the present tense
--The same form throughout the past tense
-Irregular verbs display alternative past tense forms
-Verbs using a past tense form for s present participle never as a past tense negative
-Multiple negation
-Varying relative pronoun
-Absent ly on adverbs Complex prepositions
1900s Orthographical features
-Very little change in this area from the 1800s-1900s
1900s Phonological features
-Glottal stops are proven and noticed in the speech of Londoners, having previously only been indentified in Scotland
-BBC English comes into being (1927-60s)
1900s Graphological features
-Standardisation of printed texts
-Introduction of Times New Roman in 1931
-Increasing use of colour in printed texts
2000s Lexical/Semantic features
-Further neologisms relating to technology and science
-Continued borrowing of new words, many from Asian and Middle Eastern sources
2000s Grammatical features
-Punctuation becomes less standardised, influenced by informality of social media
2000s Orthographical features
-Move towards non-standard spelling and text speak in informal settings
-Non-standard spelling evident in formal texts, depending on pragmatics
2000s Phonological features
-Regional dialects become more prevalent due to a rise in divergence and nationalism
2000s Graphological features
-Multimodal texts
-Emergence of emojis as a language in their own right
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