Judgement

Created by: Yasmetron
Created on: 03-03-23 15:14

What did Tversky and Kahneman (1983) study?

They came up with a scenario and 8 probabilities. Ppts had to rank the eight from most probable to least.
They found that 85% of undergraduates judged h (bank teller and feminist) to be more likely than f (bank teller), but h is of the form Linda is both

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define conjunction fallacy

The conjunction fallacy is an error in judgment that occurs when people overestimate the likelihood of two events happening at the same time. As a result, people assign higher probability to detailed descriptions.

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conjunction fallacy is and error due to what?

Conjunction fallacy IS NOT a heuristic, it is an error due to probability

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define availability heuristic

= the easier it is to bring an event to mind, the more likely that event is judged to be

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give an example of availability heuristic

Tversky and Kahneman (1974)
If you pick a word (over three letters long) at random from an English text, is it more likely that the words start with an r or has r as its third letter. Most participants said starts with r was more likely. Many more words h

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how does the media impact judgement?

• Peoples risk judgements were related to frequency of media coverage
• More evidence for use of an availability heuristic

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how does mood impact judgement?

Clark & Teasdale (1985)
Positive and negative memories recalled more in the appropriate mood (in patients with depression)
Therefore, words and associations change their availability

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What is the frequentist approach?

• Claim people have evolved to think in terms of frequencies rather than single event probabilities

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What is base rate fallacy?

our tendency to give more weight to the event-specific information than we should, and sometimes even ignore base rates entirely.

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define end anchoring

The anchoring effect is a cognitive bias whereby an individual's decisions are influenced by a particular reference point or 'anchor'.

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

define conjunction fallacy

Back

Card 3

Front

conjunction fallacy is and error due to what?

Back

Card 4

Front

define availability heuristic

Back

Card 5

Front

give an example of availability heuristic

Back

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Judgement