The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces.
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Determinism
The view that an individual's behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than an individual's will to do something.
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Hard Determinism
Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal or external events beyond our control.
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Soft Determinism
All events including human behaviour, have causes, but behaviour can also be determined by our conscious choices in absence of coercion.
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Biological Determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by biological (genetic, hormonal, evolutionary) influences we cannot control.
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Environmental Determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by features of the environment (such as systems of reward and punishment) that we cannot control.
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Psychic Determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts that we cannot control.
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Nature
Behaviour is seen to be a product of innate (biological or genetic) factors.
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Nurture
Behaviour is the product of environmental influences.
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Nature - Nurture Debate
The argument as to whether a person's development is mainly due to their genes or to environmental influences.
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Heredity
The genetic transmission of mental and physical characteristics from one generation to another.
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Environment
Any influence on human behaviour that is non-genetic. This may range from pre-natal influences in the womb through to cultural and historical influences at societal level.
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The Interactionist Approach
The likelihood that both extreme sides of the debate are linked to such an extent that it doesn't make sense to separate the two. So researchers instead study how they combine and influence each other.
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Holism
An argument or theory which proposes that it only makes sense to study an indivisible system rather than it's constituent parts.
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Reductionism
The belief that human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts.
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Biological Reductionism
A form of reductionism which attempts to explain social and psychological phenomena at a lower biological level (in terms of the action of genes, hormones, etc).
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Environmental Reductionism
The attempt to explain all behaviour in terms of stimulus-response links that have been learned through experience.
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Idiographic
Derived from the Greek 'idios' meaning 'private or personal'. An approach to research that focuses more on individual case as a means of understanding behaviour, rather than aiming to formulate general laws of behaviour.
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Nomothetic
Derived from the Greek 'nomos' meaning 'law'. An approach that attempts to study human behaviour through the development of general principles and universal laws.
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Individual Differences
Personal characteristics that acknowledge our uniqueness.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The view that an individual's behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than an individual's will to do something.
Back
Determinism
Card 3
Front
Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal or external events beyond our control.
Back
Card 4
Front
All events including human behaviour, have causes, but behaviour can also be determined by our conscious choices in absence of coercion.
Back
Card 5
Front
The belief that behaviour is caused by biological (genetic, hormonal, evolutionary) influences we cannot control.
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