Mucosal surfaces: Airway, GI tract, Reproductive tract. External epithelia: External surface, wounds and abrasions, insect bites.
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Systemic Infection
Affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part. For example, disorders, such as high blood pressure
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Localised Infection
Pathogen or symptoms are localized in one area.
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Action of Dendritic Cells
Phagocytose pathogens in periphery and move to lymph nodes to stimulate T cells.
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Spleen
Mounting immune response to antigens in the blood, filters blood analogous to the way to a lymph node filter lymph. Not in contact with lymphatic system.
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Cellular immunity
Protective immune process that involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-sensitized cytotoxic T cells and the release of cytokines and chemokines in response to antigen.
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Humoral immunity
Mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides.
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Generation of Immune Response
Receptors- Innate immune response - T cell phenotype - Antibody isotope - Effector mechanisms e.g NK cells, Granulocytes, Cytotoxic T cells.
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Macrophages PAMPs
First line of defence against invading microorganisms. Molecular patterns (PAMPS) that are recognized by these cells and trigger this activation response.
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LPS Receptor
CD14 - receptor for gram negative bacteria.
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Glucan Receptor
Receptor polysaccharides on bacteria and yeast.
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Recognition of Viruses
TLR-3. TLR-7 found within the cytoplasm of the phagocyte.
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4 Phenotypes of Effector CD4+ T Cells
1. Inflammatory Th1 cells (IL-2) 2. Th2 B cell helpers (IL-4,IL-5) 3. Anti-inflammatory (TGFB) 4. Effector memory T cells (Th17)
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T Cells and B Cells
T cell subtypes differentiate B cells to produce antibody isotypes e.g IFN-y -> IgG(2-3). TGF-b -> IgA. IL-4 -> IgE. IL-2 -> IgM.
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Bacteria Toxins Infection
Toxins -> Neutralization -> Ingestion by macrophage
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Bacteria In Extracellular Space Infection
Macrophages identification -> Opsonization -> Ingestion by Macrophages
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Bacteria In Plasma
Identified in plasma -> Complement activation -> Lysis and ingestion.
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Activity of Antibody Isotopes
Partly dependent on the expression of different Fc receptors on immune cells (macrophages vs mast cells).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part. For example, disorders, such as high blood pressure
Back
Systemic Infection
Card 3
Front
Pathogen or symptoms are localized in one area.
Back
Card 4
Front
Phagocytose pathogens in periphery and move to lymph nodes to stimulate T cells.
Back
Card 5
Front
Mounting immune response to antigens in the blood, filters blood analogous to the way to a lymph node filter lymph. Not in contact with lymphatic system.
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