History Unit 5: The Occupation Of Poland And The Netherlands.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 06-02-18 17:59
When had the state of Poland officially begun?
From the end of WW1.
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What was 'Poland' a part of prior to WW1?
A part of an area controlled by Germany.
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Why did the Nazis occupy Poland?
As they saw that it was their right to claim it back as their Lebensruam.
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When did the Nazis invade Poland?
On the 1st of September 1939.
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What was the Nazis aim when they invaded Poland?
To remove any elements of Polish control and culture.
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By what year and month had Poland ceased to exsist?
October of 1939.
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What did the Nazi leaders do to Poland (geographically) upon invasion and what were some of these incorporated into?
They divided it into different regions and some of these were incoroporated into exsisting German territories.
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What was the name of the 5th and largest region of Poland after invasion?
General Government.
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What discussion was there about the naming of the General Government?
Wether it should be name the General Government of Poland or just General Government.
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Why was the General Goverment not named the General Government of Poland?
As the Nazis wished to eliminate all elements of the Polish control.
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When did Himmler draw up his Eastern General plan?
1940.
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What was Himmler's Eastern General Plan?
To remove all Polish or Slavic people and replace these with native Germans.
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From what year were hundreds of thousands of Poles expelled from Poland?
1940.
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Who replaced the many expelled Poles and in what way did they replace them? (3.)
The native Germans and they replaced them in their homes and on thier land.
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Where were the Poles expelled to (mostly?)
The General Government Region.
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Who governed the General Government region, what was his previous job and what did he introduced for the Poles?
Hans Frank, who was a Nazi ex-lawyer and he introdcued the use of terror.
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In waht month and year did Frank destroy Polish culture, education and leadership?
May of 1940.
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What did Frank close? (2.)
Schools and universities.
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What two groups of people were particularly targeted by Frank?
Polish intellects and Polish leaders.
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Approximately what number of the most talented Polish people were arrested by the Nazis and what happened to most of these?
30,000 and they were arrested and tortured.
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From the outset, what two types of Nazis murdered the Slavic Poles and why?
Wehrmact officers and the ** officers; they considered Slavic Poles to be racially inferiror.
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What is the estimation of non-Jewish Poles that were murdered by the Nazis?
1.9 million.
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Between 1939 and 1945, how many Poles were sent to Germany to be used as forced labourers?
1.5 million.
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In what month and year did the Polish Decrees establish rules for the Poles working in Germany?
May of 1940.
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What did these rules state about what workers have to wear and why? (3.)
That the Polish workers were to wear a P on their arm, to humiliate them and single them out from the native German workers.
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What did the Decrees' rules say about sexual relations?
That the Polish workers could not have these with native Germans.
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What did the Decrees' rules say about the workers wage?
That these would be lower than the native German workers.
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From what year, were Jews placed into Ghettos?
1940.
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What was the Jewish-Polish population in 1939?
Roughly 3.5 million people.
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Prior to the end of the war around how many Polish Jews had the Nazis murdered?
3 million.
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How were the many Polish Jews murdered by the Nazis?
Through a series of established conentration and death camps in Poland.
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What two things caused the Poles to have a complex anti-Nazi resistance network?
The brutality of the regime there and the Nazis' destruction of Poland.
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When did the Polish escape to London?
1939.
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What did they establish when in London and what was this/
The Delegatura, which was a seceret state within Poland.
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In what month and year was the two month Warsaw uprising, that failed?
August of 1944.
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What two things did Hitler order after the Warsaw uprising?
The killing of the Warsaw people and the city itself.
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What happened to patients in the Warsaw city hospital, when Hitler published his order?
They were shot in their hosptial beds.
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How many people, in total, were murdered by the Nazis after the Warasaw uprising?
200,000.
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When did German troops invade the Netherlands?
On the 10th of May of 1940.
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After four days, who attacked the Netherlands?
The Luftwaffe.
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On what date was Rotterdam bombed?
The 14th of May of 1940.
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Why was Rotterdam so significant?
As it was an important trading city with a large dock.
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How many people were killed in the Rotterdam bombings and how many homes were destroyed?
Over 800 people and 25,000 homes.
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What did the Luftwaffe target in the Rotterdam bombings?
Residential areas.
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Why did the Dutch government surreneder to the Nazis?
As they feared the same destruction and loss of life in other cities in the Netherlands as in Rotterdam.
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Why did the Dutch government and royal family escape to the UK?
As they did not comply with the Nazis.
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Who was put in control of the Netherlands and where did he come from?
Arthur Seyess-Inquart, an Austrian Nazi.
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What happened to the Netherlands' parliament and democracy?
They were both destroyed.
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Why were the Dutch treated differently from the Polish Slavs?
As they had the same ethnic background as the Germans.
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What were the Dutch civil servants allowed to continue to do?
Work in their previous roles.
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What percent of town mayors stepped down?
30%.
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Why was the Dutch education system not changed by the Nazis?
As they feared a backlash from the Dutch people.
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In what month and year were the Dutch civil servants forced to fill in an ancestry form, to remove Jewish elements from society?
October of 1940.
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When was Prince Bernhard's birthday?
The 29th of June 1940.
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What did many Dutch citizens do on the Prince's birthday?
Wore carnations in support of the royal family.
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How did the Nazis react to the royal act of resistance? (2.)
They removed all royal portraits from the Netherlands and they changed the names of royal street names.
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What did the Nazis do to punish the Dutch for their passive resistance?
Nothing.
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In what month and year were 425 Jewish men deported to Germany from the Netherlands?
February of 1941.
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What did Dutch communists do in retaliation to the deportation of the Jews?
Called for a strike.
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What stopped working when the communist strike occurred?
The trams.
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What did many strikers do?
Marched through Dutch towns?
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What did the Nazis begin to do to the strikers?
Shoot at them.
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How many strikers were killed by the Nazis and how many were arrested?
9 were killed and hundreds arrested.
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On what date were the first death sentences issued against Dutch citizens?
On the 13th of March of 1941.
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How many strikers and how many members of the Dutch resistance were executed and how were they, due to the strike?
3 strikers and 15 members of the Dutch resistance were executed by shooting.
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What did the strike do to the morale of the Dutch people?
Increased it against the Nazis.
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How many Jews lived in the Netherlands and who were these to the Nazis?
140,000 in 1943 and these were their main target.
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By what month and year did ALL Jews have to wear the Star of David?
April 1942.
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In what year did the Nazis begin to deport Jews to extermination camps in masse?
1943.
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Over the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, how many Jews were deported and what percentage of the Jewish population of the Netherlands did this form?
107,000 and this formed 76%.
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Why were so many Jews deported? (2.)
Due to Dutch compliance and the difficulty of hiding people in the small and densely populated country.
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Why was there a shortage of German workers by 1943?
As most of them were fighting for the Nazis.
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In what year and month was it announced that 300,000 Dutch ex-soldiers would be transported to Germany as forced labourers?
In April of 1943.
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What did the news of the Dutch being used as forced labourers cause in the Netherlands?
Many strikes to erupt.
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How many people were killed and how many injured by the Nazis, due to the news of Dutch forced labour.
95 people were killed and 400 injured.
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By what part of which month and year were all Dutch men (between the ages of 18 and 35) to become forced labourers?
By late May of 1943.
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Out of how many men, how many turned up to become forced labourers?
54,000 out of 170,000 turned up for duty.
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By what year did all men (between the ages of 16 and 60) did 500,000 men have to end up working in Germany and this was a third of all eligible men?
By 1944.
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By 1944, what illegal machinery was established and what did these produce and what did these encourage?
Illegal printing presses, that produced anti-Nazi leaflets that encouraged people to resist the forced labour.
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With what event did armed resistance begin in the Netherlands? (3.)
When registry offices were attacked for ration coupons and blank identity cards.
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Almost how many resistance members were arrested by the Nazis; of the registry office act and where were most of these sent?
Almost 20,000 resistance members and these were sent to one of the four Dutch concentration camps.
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Due to the first act of Dutch armed resistance, how many resistance members were executed at Dutch concentration camps?
Around 2000 members.
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When did the Dutch government (in the UK) call for a railway strike and why did they do this?
In September of 1944; they realised that the end of the Nazi occupation was nearing.
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As a result of the Dutch railway strike, how many rail workers went into hiding?
30,000.
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How did the Nazis overcome the railway strike issue of having limited trains?
They used their own trains.
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Why was there still a lack of transport in the Netherlands?
As there were fewer Dutch trains.
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What two things were in a short supply, due to the Dutch railway strike?
Coal and food.
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In which winter of what year did Nazis begin to run out of food?
In the winter between 1944 and 1945.
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In the final years of the war, how many Dutch people died of starvation?
20,000.
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On what date did the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands end and why?
On the 5th of May 1945; the Netherlands was liberated by Canadian soldiers.
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How many, statistically, Poles were murdered by the Nazis?
1 in 5.
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What city was in the region that Greiser controlled?
Lodz.
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In what year was Greiser put on trial for war crimes?
1946.
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What did Hitler tell ALL leaders of the Polish regions?
That they could do what they wanted to.
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What was Poland to be, in a Nazi view?
The model-state for Lebensraum.
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Within how many weeks was the Polish army defeated by the Nazi forces?
5 weeks.
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What increased the morale of the German soldiers?
That they had finally defeated Poland.
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In what year and month did Starling and Hitler decide to share Poland?
August of 1939.
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What Polish region was Forster in charge of?
Danzig West Prussia.
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In Greiser's region, what were Poles graded on and what did this decide for them?
They were graded on how German they were. This decided wether they were to be considered German or not.
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What happened to the Pole that were not considered German in Greiser's region?
They were moved into the General Government region.
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What were one group of Poles at the start of occupation and why were they this way?
They were ethnically German and this was due to their residence being a part of an area controlled by Germany prior to 1918.
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What did this group view the German soldiers as?
Saviours.
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What were the group told Poland would become?
Greatly and gloriously German.
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What happened to the Poles that did not accept occupation?
They faced the Nazi machinery of terror or they were placed into a different Polish region.
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What did Greiser want for the Polish people?
Suffering.
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What restrictions were placed onto the ** officers when in Poland?
None.
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What two powers were given to ** officers?
The power to shoot and hang people.
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What did Forster accept about the Poles, once they were under the control of the Germans?
That they were German already.
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What was Forster's system of Germanisation?
That the Poles would officially sign up to be German.
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What percentage of Poles then signed up to be German?
80%.
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In what organisation were Germanised Youths to be in in both regions?
The Hitler Youth.
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Who was Himmler, in terms of the Nazi occupation?
The superior of the region leaders.
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What did Gresier write to Forster?
A letter of complaint about his Germanisation system.
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What did Gresier then do when Forster did not take his letter into consideration?
Wrote a similar letter of complaint to Himmler.
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What affect did Himmler's letter have on Forster and why did it have this affect?
It had no affect; Hitler said that he could keep on using his own methods.
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What did Greiser have to find from 1940 and why?
He had to find additional homes for incoming ehtnic Germans as a part of Himmler's Eastern General Plan and a deal between Hitler and Starling.
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What language could the ethnic Germans not speak well?
German.
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What affect did this have on the Poles and other Germans already in Poland?
It angered them.
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What had the Nazis promised to the ehtnic Germans?
A settlement in Germany.
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Why were SOME of the ethnic Germans annoyed by th Nazis?
As they were rpomised settlement in Germany, but got one in Poland. However, the Nazis saw this as one in the same.
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What were the ethnic Germans given, to get their new houses?
Keys and a map.
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In what state did the ethnic Germans recieve their homes and why?
In a bad one; the Poles were driven quickly from these and they did this very forcefully.
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What did this contradict?
What the propaganda showed.
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What, besides from land and homes, were the ethnic Germans given that used to be the Poles'?
They were given their jobs and businesses and the Poles had ot give these up forcefully.
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What rural town in Poland was "cleaned out" by the Nazis at 3:00AM in 1940?
Odrowaz.
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What happened the following day in Odrowaz?
Ehtnic Germans moved into there.
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What did some people do, to help those living in targeted Polish areas?
They warned them of approaching Nazi forces.
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In Greier's region, how many Poles wrere evicted from their homes during his reign?
700,000.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was 'Poland' a part of prior to WW1?

Back

A part of an area controlled by Germany.

Card 3

Front

Why did the Nazis occupy Poland?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When did the Nazis invade Poland?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the Nazis aim when they invaded Poland?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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