Libertarians would argue against HUme's and Locke's views of Freewill. They argue that if human actions are determined then Freewill is a mirage. It is Determinism by the Situation.
1 of 27
Criticism
Hard Determinists would argue that you cannot separate causal connections and ultimate actions. Once you are part of the chain you cannot break it.
2 of 27
Kant's objections
Liberty of Spontaneity is not a true understanding of freedom. 'It is moral Subterfuge'
3 of 27
Kant's objections
Freedom like this means that we are no different to hands moving on a clock - in a mechanical sense (an internal cause). If our will is determined itself by natural causes then we are no more accountable for our actions.
4 of 27
Immanuel Kant
Believed in freewill and we make rational choices. Argued these were essential to make moral choices.
5 of 27
Immanuel Kant
Tried to resolve debate between determinism and freewill by distinguishing between what he called phenomenal (world as it appears to us, created by our minds) and noumenal realms ('real' world which we cannot know or experience directly)
6 of 27
Immanuel Kant
Determinism is illusion within phenomenal realm in which we are bound by laws of nature.
7 of 27
Immanuel Kant
Freedom exists within noumenal ream where we can use our practical reason.
8 of 27
Problems with Kant's view
Can an 'act' be 'performed' outside space and time?
9 of 27
Problems with Kant's view
We can never experience freedom of noumenal realm (it lies beyond human understanding), so resolving nothing in reality.
10 of 27
Kant's criticisms
We are no more than puppets or robots if our Will itself is determined by internal causes as Hume suggests.
11 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
We are not entirely free beings who make our own independent choices and decisions.
12 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
Humans are entirely determined as we are part of chain of causation
13 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
All aspects of life itself and universe are causally determined
14 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
Freewill is an illusion that humans need so as to live.
15 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
Human beings are determined by nature but have freewill to make moral decisions and are therefore morally responsible.
16 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
Freewill does not exist
17 of 27
Freewill and Determinism cannot be reconciled.
God determines our actions through his perfect Omniscience
18 of 27
Criticisms of Soft Determinism
Libertarians attack Humean and Lockean views of freewill. If human actions are determined by events, then Freewill is a Mirage.
19 of 27
Criticisms of Soft Determinism
Hard determinism: Cannot separate causal connections and ultimate actions. Once you are part of a chain of events you cannot break free.
20 of 27
Advantages of Soft Determinism
Recognises individuals still have a part to play in causality.
21 of 27
Advantages of Soft Determinism
People can be blamed/praised
22 of 27
Advantages of Soft Determinism
Morally responsible
23 of 27
Advantages of Soft Determinism
Supports Christian view humans are responsible for their own actions.
24 of 27
Strengths of Soft Determinism
Allows for creativity in our choices - so not all our choices are result of existing desires and habits
25 of 27
Strengths of Soft Determinism
Recognises importance of moral responsibility in society
26 of 27
Strengths of Soft Determinism
Recognises it is unreasonable to hold person responsible for actions caused by emotions, beliefs, desires and decisions if they have no choice about having them.
27 of 27
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Hard Determinists would argue that you cannot separate causal connections and ultimate actions. Once you are part of the chain you cannot break it.
Back
Criticism
Card 3
Front
Liberty of Spontaneity is not a true understanding of freedom. 'It is moral Subterfuge'
Back
Card 4
Front
Freedom like this means that we are no different to hands moving on a clock - in a mechanical sense (an internal cause). If our will is determined itself by natural causes then we are no more accountable for our actions.
Back
Card 5
Front
Believed in freewill and we make rational choices. Argued these were essential to make moral choices.
Comments
No comments have yet been made