F324 OCR reactions and conditions 4.0 / 5 based on 5 ratings ? ChemistryF324A2/A-levelOCR Created by: Hashim HuseinCreated on: 15-05-14 09:41 Conditions for nitration of benzene Conc HNO3, conc H2SO4 at temp of 50C 1 of 21 Halogenation of benzene Halogen carrier e.g. FeX3 or Fe 2 of 21 Oxidising of primary alcohol to aldehyde Acidified potassium dichromate. H+/Cr2O7-, distilliation 3 of 21 Oxidising of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid Acidified potassium dichromate. H+/Cr2O7-, under reflux 4 of 21 Oxidising of aldehydes to carboxylic acids Acidified potassium dichromate. H+/Cr2O7-, under reflux 5 of 21 Reducing aldehydes and ketones to alcohols Sodium Borohydride, NaBH4, water as solvent 6 of 21 Detecting the presence of a carbonyl group 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP) - makes yellow/orange ppt 7 of 21 Tollens reagent with aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes - silver, grey solid or 'silver mirror'. Ketone - no reaction 8 of 21 Esters from carboxylic acids Conc H2SO4 9 of 21 Esters from acid anhydrides Gently heated with an alcohol 10 of 21 Acid hydrolysis of esters Heated under reflux with dilute H2SO4 11 of 21 Alkaline hydrolysis of esters Aqueous alkaline conditions. Aq NaOH or aq KOH under reflux 12 of 21 Preparation of primary aliphatic amines Excess of ammonia, using ethanol as the solvent 13 of 21 Preparing aromatic amines Mixture of tin and hydrochloric acid 14 of 21 Diazotisation Nitrous acid (generated in situ), excess HCL and kept below 10C 15 of 21 Coupling (benzenediazonium chloride with phenol) Under alkaline conditions 16 of 21 Acid hydrolysis of polypeptides and proteins Aq acid. Traditionally, under reflux with 6mol dm-3 HCL for 24 hrs 17 of 21 Alkaline hydrolysis of polypeptides and proteins Aq NaOH, just above 100C 18 of 21 Hydrolysis of polyesters Hot aq NaOH or hot aq HCl 19 of 21 Hydrolysis of polyamides Hot aq NaOH or hot aq HCl 20 of 21 Halogenoalkane to alcohol NaOH/H2O under reflux 21 of 21
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