epistemology (the tripartite view)

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Necessary conditions :
you need each condition to have knowledge (Necessary condition for John to be a bachelor is he is male)
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Sufficient conditions:
if you have all 3 conditions then you definitely have knowledge (Sufficient condition for John to be a bachelor is he is male, unmarried and an adult)
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tripartite definition of knowledge
knowledge is a justified, true, belief.
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difference between belief and knowledge according to Plato?
belief is easily forgotten for misconstrued, whereas knowledge is tied down in our minds, backed up by evidence or reasons. they can be equally as important, but true belief seems more instinct based and knowledge being more factual.
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what does Gettier have an issue with in JTB?
justification. Thinks that the justification cannot be coincidental or wrong in any way. ( e.g. if a tower clock is broken and it reads 12, and it happens to be 12, then John reads it and believes it to be 12. Does he have knowledge that is is 12?)
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the two ways to solve Gettiers argument?
Strengthen the justification condition. add on a fourth condition
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definition of infallible:
impossible to be wrong
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defintition of infalliblism:
the theory that we should only count knowledge as things we cannot rationally doubt.
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infallibilism philosophers:
Descartes. doubted his senses and wanted to build certain knowledge. established synthetic truths and 'cogito ergo sum'.
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strengths of infallibilism:
not open to Gettier counter examples. accords with intuition that knowledge involves a level of certainty. rules out knowledge that would be incorrect.
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weaknesses of infallibilism:
goes against intuition that we know alot of things. we can only then know analytical truths-limiting. would need to drastically reverse common definition of knowledge.describes what definition of knowledge should be, not analysing what it is.
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what is a lemma?
an assumption. a preposition assumed to be true
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what aspect of Gettier cases does the no false lemmas theory fix?
the belief aspect
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what is knowledge according to this theory?
Justified, true, belief that has not been assumed
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does no false lemmas successfully respond to Gettier?
YES-shows Gettier examples were relying on a false premise and assumptions. (e.g. clock-assumed the clock was working) NO-assumption was made,clock at specific moment worked. not valid-we would have no knowledge ( how do i know i exist? i assume).
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what is reliabilism?
knowledge that is a true belief produced by a reliable cognitive process
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what is a reliable cognitive process?
a process that produces a high percentage of true beliefs (e.g. perception, memory and testimonies)
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strengths of reliabilism?
broadness allows more knowledge than other theories. memory and perception are almost all we have, so we have to rely on them. Not open to Gettier criticism.
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weaknesses of reliabilism?
too broad. justifications are internal to the believer, can't be proven. thin line between luck and a cognitive process
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does reliablism fare well with Gettier counter examples?
sort of, the clock example yes as a clock can be seen as a reliable piece of equipment, but with the barn cases it was based of luck, so no
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how does reliabilism fare with fake barn cases?
on one hand well-they saw a real barn and assumed it was a real barn, there was no reason for them to be suspicious. BUT, driving ad seeing it can be unreliable. they didnt see it up close. it was easy for the assumption to be made
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3 things needed for Sosa's account of virtue epistemology:
accuracy, adroitness, aptness
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accuracy definition:
true (this can happen with no skill)
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adroit definition:
believed due to an intellectual virtue (skill required)
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apt definition:
accurate because of the intellectual virtue ( two together always work. to hit a target, you need skill to do it, and accuracy to hit the bullseye)
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an example of Sosa knowledge:
Jenny learns (apt) from a textbook (adroit) that Hamlet is Shakespeare's longest play (accurate)
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how does virtue epistemology fare with Gettier counter examples?
not that well as they are luckily true. in Virtue epistemology, luckily true is not apt (there was no reason or skill)
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how does virtue epistemology fare with fake barn cases?
Borris Johnson case- well- accurate because it was Borris and adroit because she saw him up close, then it is apt. BUT, perhaps just animal knowledge and not reflective. so didnt reflect on claims to know.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Sufficient conditions:

Back

if you have all 3 conditions then you definitely have knowledge (Sufficient condition for John to be a bachelor is he is male, unmarried and an adult)

Card 3

Front

tripartite definition of knowledge

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

difference between belief and knowledge according to Plato?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what does Gettier have an issue with in JTB?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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