The complex of physical and chemical processes occuring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for maintaining life.
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What is an extra-cellular enzyme?
An enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside of that cell.
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Why are enzymes said to be biological catalysts?
They are soluble protein molecules that can speed up chemical reactions.
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What is an intra-cellular enzyme?
An enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was produced.
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What level of protein structure do enzymes have?
Tertiary
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What is activation energy?
A certain amount of energy that is supplied to the chemicals before the reaction will start.
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What is the difference between bacterial amylase and an amylase found in humans?
The optimum temperature for amylase in humans is 40 degrees centigrade, whereas the optimum temperature for bacterial amylase is 100 degrees centigrade.
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What are the 3 factors that affect enzyme action?
Temperature, pH, environmental conditions.
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What is competitive inhibition?
A molecule has a shape complementary to that of the active site and similar to that of the substrate, so both compete to bind to the active site.
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What is non-competitive inhibition?
The other molecule binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site.
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What type of inhibitor is cyanide?
Non-competitive
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What do buffers do?
Resist small changes in pH
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How would you calculate the rate of a reaction?
rate = change in product / time
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Why do we measure the initial rate of reaction?
Because it is the fastest part of the reaction when there are no limiting factors i.e. there is plenty of substrate available
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When are eznymes immobilised?
When they are fixed, bound or trapped in an inert matrix
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