Biology
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- Created by: Elouise French
- Created on: 06-01-13 11:34
name 3 monosaccharides, 3 disaccharides and 3 polysaccharides.
Mono: gluucose, galactose, fructose Di: maltose, sucrose, lactose Poly: cellulose, startch, glycogen
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name the monosaccharides of maltose, sucrose and lactose
maltose: 2 glucose sucrose: glucose & fructose Lactose: glucose & galactose
2 of 25
explain the test for reducing sugars
Benedicts test: you add benedicts solution and heat it. If it forms a brick red precipitate then it is present.
3 of 25
explain the test for lipids
Emulsion test: add ethanol to your substance and mix it. then add water. if a milky white emusion is formed it is present.
4 of 25
explain the test for proteins
Biuret test: add biuret reagent to the substance and allow to stand. if a purple colour it is present.
5 of 25
explain the test for startch
Iodine test: add iodine solution to the substance if a blue black colour is formed it is present.
6 of 25
what do you have to do to a non reducing sugar before conducting the Benedicts test?
hydrolyse the substance with acid, then neutralise it with sodium hydrocarbonate.
7 of 25
what forms startch?
amylose and amylopectin
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what is the structure of a triglyceride?
3 fatty acid molecules, a glycerol molecule and 3 hydroxyl groups.
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what is the difference between a unsaturated and saturated fatty acid?
unsaturated has one or more c-c double bond, which forms a kink in its chain. Saturated has no double bonds so is compact and solid at room temp
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which bond is formed in the synthesis of triglycerides?
Ester bond
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what bond is formed in the synthesis of carbohydrates?
gylcosidic boond
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what bond is formed in the synthesis of proteins?
peptide bond
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what are proteins made up of?
amino acids joins together in chains called polypeptides
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name 4 types of proteins
enzymes, hormones, antibodies, structural.
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what is the make up of phospholipids?
2 fatty acid molecules, a glycerol and phosphate group
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name the structure of an amino acid
amino group, carboxyl group (acidic), and a R group wihich changes the amino acid.
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which structure determines the functions of a protein
tertiary
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what are the 2 types of secondary structure of a protein
alpha helix and beta pleated sheet.
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what do enzymes do
act as biological catalysts and lower the activation energy of a reaction so it can happen at lower temperatures.
20 of 25
explain the induced fit theory
the active site of an enzyme can change its shape in order to make the enzyme-substrate complex. it returns to its original shape after the product has been released.
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what 3 factors can effect enzyme activity
temperature, Ph and substrate concentration.
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how can Ph effect enzyme activity
if it is not at its optimum it can break the ionoic and hydrogen bonds so that the active site changes shape. this means the enzyme is denatured.
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what is removed in a condensation reaction?
H2O
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what is the chemical formula of glucose
C6(H12O)6
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
name the monosaccharides of maltose, sucrose and lactose
Back
maltose: 2 glucose sucrose: glucose & fructose Lactose: glucose & galactose
Card 3
Front
explain the test for reducing sugars
Back
Card 4
Front
explain the test for lipids
Back
Card 5
Front
explain the test for proteins
Back
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