DNA and Cisplatin 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryAcids, bases and saltsA2/A-levelAQA Created by: HindleycCreated on: 29-03-19 14:45 What are the key molecules in DNA? Phosphate ion, a pentose sugar (2-deoxyribose), the 4 bases; Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine 1 of 26 How is the phosphate ion arranged HO-P(=O)(O-)-OH 2 of 26 How is the sugar arranged Pentagon with O at top then OH at 1, 3, 5 3 of 26 What does DNA exist as 2 complementary strands of the sugar-phosphate polymer chain arranged in the form of a double helix 4 of 26 What is there between base pairs? what does this do? Hydrogen bonding, leads to the 2 complementary strands of DNA 5 of 26 Which bases are 2 rings Adenine and guanine 6 of 26 Which bases are 1 ring Thymine and cytosine 7 of 26 On the bases which NH Shown on data booklet 8 of 26 How many H bonds between guanine and cytosine 3 9 of 26 How many H bonds between Adenine and thymine 2 10 of 26 What is a nucleotide made up from A phosphate ion, bonded to 2-deoxyribose which is in turn bonded to one of the four bases A,T,C,G 11 of 26 Order of how they bond in nucleotide P-sugar- Base 12 of 26 How bottom OH on phosphate becomes O bonded to HOCH2 which becomes just CH2 so C-O bond then on c1 N replaces OH and H 13 of 26 What is a single strand of DNA Polymer of nucleotides linked by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 2-deoxyribose of another nucleotide 14 of 26 What does this result in Sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate polymer chain with bases attached to the sugars in the chain 15 of 26 How -H2O by OH on C3 and spare OH on phosphate ion joining eliminating H2O and bonding by an O 16 of 26 Where are the bonds in CG O,NH,NH2 on G and NH2,N,O on C 17 of 26 where are bonds on AT NH2, N on A and =O , NH on T 18 of 26 What is the Pt(11) complex Cisplatin Used as an anticancer drug 19 of 26 Why does the cisplatin version only work As 2 chloride ions are displaced and the molecule joins on to the DNA 20 of 26 In doing this, what does it stop The replication of cancerous cells 21 of 26 How does Cisplatin prevent DNA replication in cancer cells By a ligand replacement rxn with DNA in which a dative covalent bond is formed b/w platinum and a nitrogen atom on guanine 22 of 26 Which N atom on guanine bonds and why can't other N or O bond N above NH on ring with less, as they aren't involved in the bonding within DNA 23 of 26 What can cisplatin also prevent Replication of healthy cells by bonding on to healthy DNA which may lead to unwanted side effects like hair loss 24 of 26 How can unwanted side effect be minimised By giving Cisplatin in small doses 25 of 26 What does society need to do Assess the balance between the benefits and the adverse effects of drugs such as the anti cancer drug cisplatin 26 of 26
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