Transition Metals
- Created by: annaeb
- Created on: 10-05-21 12:41
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- Transition Metals
- properties
- forms coloured ions
- more than 1 oxidation state
- good catalysts because of their variable oxidation states
- shapes of complex structures
- octahedral
- 6 coordinate bonds
- [Cu(H20)6]
- 90°
- tetrahedral
- 4 coordinate bonds
- [CoCl4] 2-
- bond angle= 109.5
- square planar
- occurs in elements with 8e- in their highest energy d sub-shell
- Platinum (II), Palladium (II) & Gold (III)
- 180? or 90? (cis/trans)
- linear
- ag+ commonly forms linear complexes
- e.g. [Ag (NH3)2]+
- octahedral
- Isomerism
- Cis/Trans
- occur in octahedral complexes
- cis-90°
- trans- 180°
- can be in square planar complexes, but not tetrahedral
- Optical
- stereoisomers that are non- superimposable mirror images of each other
- in octahedral complexes
- stereoisomer
- same structural but different arrangement of atoms in space
- 2 types of isomerism in complex ions- optical & cis/trans
- Cis/Trans
- transition element
- a d block element that can form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d subshell
- complex ions
- central transitional metal ion surrounded by ligands
- ligand
- a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a metal ion
- anything that is a nucleophile can act as a ligand
- monodentate ligand
- ligand that only forms 1 coordinate bond with a metal ion
- bidentate ligand
- ligand that forms 2 coordinate bonds with a metal ion
- multidentate ligand
- ligand that forms 3 or more coordinate bonds with a metal ion
- a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a metal ion
- coordinate bond
- the number of coordinate bonds to the central metal ion
- CisPlatin
- complex of platinum (II) with 2 chloride ions + 2 ammonia molecules
- square planar
- Pt(NH3 )2Cl2 + H2O [Pt(NH3 )2Cl(H2O)]+ + Cl–
- The cisplatin version only works as two chloride ions are displaced and the molecule joins on to the DNA- stops the replicatiion of the cancerous cells
- properties
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