German Aims
Unrestricted sub-marine warfare.
Outcomes.
British anti-U-boat measures
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German Aims
To avoid direct confrontation with
the British Grand Fleet.
Tirpitz suggested unrestricted sub-marine
warfare as a way of weakening the British war effort.
Try to starve the British into submission.
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Unrestricted Sub-marine warfare
4th Feb 1915 - Germans announce all merchant shipping entering or leaving British waters would be destroyed.
Problem with plan was it could potentially drag neutral countries into the war as revenge for Germany attacking their ships. particularly the USA
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Outcomes
In 1915 the German navy only had 21 U-boats therefore, limited success - only 4% of ships in British waters were sunk in 1915.
However, one was the Lusitania - which led to Germany temporarily suspending the policy.
Re-started unrestricted sub-marine wa
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Describe two feature of the
Battle of the Somme
The aims of battle.
British plan and tactics
The first day of the battle
Outcomes
Haig's reputation
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Aims of the battle
Originally, French commander General Joffre &
General Haig = joint attack along river Somme.
But German's launched offensive first.
Aim -
relieve the pressure on the French at Verdun
& push back the German Front Line.
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Plan & tactics
A surprise attack to begin on 24th June 1916.
Week long artillery bombardment - aim to knock out front line trenches.
Troops ordered to walk across no-man's land.
French attack smaller area.
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The first day of the Somme
Disaster-
German's knew of the attack - moved back from the front line protected.
bombardment stopped - raced to the machine-gun posts.
Haig had ordered his men to carry 30kg of equipment and advance at a walking pace.
60,000 Allied troops dead or wou
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outcome of the Somme
The heavy losses on first day - worse in British warfare history.
July-Nov = he ordered attack after attack = 620,000 Allied & 450,000 Germans killed or wounded.
Allies only gained 15km.
Did relieve pressure on French at Verdun.
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Haig's reputation - damaged -
Butcher of the Somme
Haig refused to change tactics despite heavy losses on first day.
He ignored advice not to use tanks - new weapon that was not ready. Only had 50, 29 broke down on the battlefield.
Kept sending wave after wave of men into no-man's land despite knowing t
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Describe 2 features of American Troop action on the Western Front
They reinforced the Allies
They reinforced the French transport system
Played important role in defeat of Germany.
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They reinforced the Allies
End of June 1917 14,000 US troops.
April 1918 - 1 million.
300 tanks & 500 aircraft.
Troops well trained and given further training on arrival in France.
US troops keen and enthusiastic = boost to the Allied troops morale.
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They reinforced the French transport system
Enlarged French ports -
made delivery of supplies easier and therefore quicker.
Built 1,600km of rail lines
Laid 16,000km - telegraph & telephone cables.
Greatly improved communication &
transportation of resources.
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Played important role in defeat of Germany.
US troops joined the Allies at the
2nd battle of the Marne (July 1918) - successfully stopped
the German Spring Offensive in its tracks.
August 1918 - 108,000 US troops joined
2nd battle of Albert - 2 days later 8,000 German troops captured.
September
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
To avoid direct confrontation with
the British Grand Fleet.
Tirpitz suggested unrestricted sub-marine
warfare as a way of weakening the British war effort.
Try to starve the British into submission.
Back
German Aims
Card 3
Front
4th Feb 1915 - Germans announce all merchant shipping entering or leaving British waters would be destroyed.
Problem with plan was it could potentially drag neutral countries into the war as revenge for Germany attacking their ships. particularly the USA
Back
Card 4
Front
In 1915 the German navy only had 21 U-boats therefore, limited success - only 4% of ships in British waters were sunk in 1915.
However, one was the Lusitania - which led to Germany temporarily suspending the policy.
Re-started unrestricted sub-marine wa
Back
Card 5
Front
The aims of battle.
British plan and tactics
The first day of the battle
Outcomes
Haig's reputation
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