Communication between neurons

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  • Created by: L.eve
  • Created on: 20-04-21 16:03
What are the two types of communication?
Chemical- fast transmission, electrical- extremely rapid transmission.
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What are the different chemical synapses?
Pre-synaptic membrane- membrane of terminal button, post-synaptic membrane- of receiving neuron, synaptic cleft- gap between presynaptic & postsynaptic neurons, synaptic vesicles- spherical structures in presynaptic neuron that contain neurotransmitters.
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Describe the different types of synapses
Axodentritic- axon on dentrites (most common), axosomatic- axon on cell bodies, dendrodentritic- capable of transmission in either direction (less common), axoaxomix- presynaptic inhibition.
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Describe types of chemical substances
Neurotransmitters- released by terminal buttons to receptors, neuromodulators (peptides)- released by terminal buttons in large amounts, they travel further, they influence many neurons, hormones- produced & released by endocrine glands eg adrenaline.
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Describe the process of the release of a transmitter
Once vesicles are fused, the presynaptic membrane opens so that the neurotransmitter can be released (exocytosis), this then diffuses across the synaptic cleft & joins onto receptors on the post-synaptic membrane.
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What causes this release?
When AP reaches terminal buttons it stimulates the activity of voltage dependent calc, calc ions flood in by diffusion because conc is higher outside of cell, they diffuse in when cell begins to repolarise, influx of calc causes release of neurotransmitte
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What is Pinocytosis?
This is where part of the membrane is recycled, at between axon & terminal buttons buds of membrane pinch off which fuse with cisternae, new vesicles are formed and filled with neurotransmitter.
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What are the two postsynaptic receptors?
Ionotropic- open ports for ions, depolarising these produces EPSPs/hyperpolarising produces IPSPs.
Metabotrophic- changes structure of proteins, electricity change.
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What is neural integration?
An individual PSP rarely starts an AP, when excitatory synapses are active AP is produced, but if inhibitory synapses are active at same time this could prevent production of AP.
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Describe the termination of synaptic transmission
Neurotransmitter is removed from synaptic cleft to cytoplasm, transmitter is destroyed by enzymes.
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What are Autoreceptors?
They are stimulated by the release of a neurotransmitter, it regulates internal
processes to stop the release of a neurotransmitter (self-regulation).
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Card 2

Front

What are the different chemical synapses?

Back

Pre-synaptic membrane- membrane of terminal button, post-synaptic membrane- of receiving neuron, synaptic cleft- gap between presynaptic & postsynaptic neurons, synaptic vesicles- spherical structures in presynaptic neuron that contain neurotransmitters.

Card 3

Front

Describe the different types of synapses

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe types of chemical substances

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the process of the release of a transmitter

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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