Discovering. Topic 11: The brain and how to study it (neurons)
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- Created by: Chookie
- Created on: 20-05-17 14:56
What are your two nervous systems (NS) ?
The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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What are the two nervous system's under the peripheral nervous system?
The semantic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
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How to nervous systems under the autonomic nervous system?
The parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system
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What is psychobiology / psychophysiology?
The study of the role of physiology and anatomy in the regulation and execution of behaviour
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What does the central nervous system consist of?
The brain and the spinal cord
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What is the somatic nervous system?
The senses/ muscle (voluntary movement)
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What is the autonomic nervous system?
The glands and organs (involuntary movement)
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
The digestive system, dominant at rest. "rest and digest"
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Is the sympathetic nervous system?
It prepares the body for action and stress. "flght, flight and freeze."
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What do we study in neuroscience?
The brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
The bodies link to the outside world
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What does the peripheral nervous system contain?
the semantic nervous system, The autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system,
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What is the spinal cord?
A long thin column of nerves between the brain and peripheral nervous system
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What is the brainstem?
The connection between the brain and the spinal cord
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What is the brain?
It is divided into three major parts, the hindbrain (lower part), the midbrain, the forebrain
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What does the autonomic nervous system do?
It regulates involuntary bodily processes including heart rate, it operates automatically without conscious Direction
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The semantic nervous system do?
It carry sensory information from sensory organs to the central nervous system and relays motor (movement) command to muscles and controls voluntary movements
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What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
It prepares the body for action and stuff this is called "flight or fight"
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What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
It calms the body and helps to conserve energy "rest and digest"
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What is the most important part of the nervous system?
The central nervous system
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What are the two main functions of the central nervous system?
Control behaviour, regulate the body's physiological processes
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Where does the brain receive the most input from?
The brainstem
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Where is the spinal cord?
It runs the whole length of the spinal column
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How is the spinal cord connected to the rest of the body?
through the peripheral nervous system
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How many reflexes does the spinal cord control?
Some
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Does the spinal cord control motor neurone reflexes?
Yes
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What is the primary function of the nervous system question?
To control behaviour / regulate bodily processes
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What are neurons that send impulses from the central nervous system to your limbs and organs called?
Efferent neurones
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What are the neurons called that receive information from our sensory organs (eyes, skin ) and transmits this input the central nervous system
Afferent neurones
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What are the Neurons that sends information and receive information called?
Efferent neurones send information, afferent neurones receive information
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What nervous system does voluntary control use?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
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You decide you want to drink, what happens first?
You felt the feeling of thirst due to the autonomic nervous system
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You have got the feeling of thirst and have decided you want to drink what happens next?
You give sensory input to the central nervous system via the somatic nervous system
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You have decided you want to drink and have given sensory input to the central nervous system what happens next?
Information is integrated within the central nervous system
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You have decided you want a drink and this information has been integrated into the central nervous system, what happens next?
The central nervous system gives motor output through the somatic nervous system and then you drink
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What nervous systems does simple reflexes (e..g motor neuron reflexes) use?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous
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You touch a hot iron what happens first?
The axon of sensory neuron detect pain and informs the somatic nervous system
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You have touched a hot iron and your somatic nervous system has been informed of the pain what happens next?
The somatic nervous system causes an interneuron in the central nervous system to excite a motor neuron causing muscular contraction
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You have touched a hot iron and the interneuron has excited the motor neuron what happens next?
The motor Neuron causes the muscle to withdraw from the source of pain
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What nervous system does the fight or flight response use?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
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What happens first when you see someone you like?
Your somatic nervous system involves the central nervous system that you have seen someone
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You have seen someone you like and your somatic nervous system has informed the central nervous system that you have seen someone what happens next?
The central nervous system recognises the person that has a sudden strong emotion
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You have seen someone you like and the central nervous system has had a sudden strong emotion what happens next?
The sympathetic nervous system is activated causing heart rate to increase, pupil dilation, Goosebumps , dry mouth and blushing
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What are the four types of neurons you need to know?
Sensory neurones, motor neurones, interneurons, pyramidal neurons
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What do motor neurones do?
Send signals to part of the body, e.g. muscles and to direct movement
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What do pyramidal neurons do?
They are involved in many areas of cognition such as object recognition within the visual cortex.
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What do sensory neurons do?
Transmit signals from the rest of the body to the brain
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What do interneurons do?
Bridge connections between other Neurons
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What are neurons complemented by?
Glia
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What is the glia called in the central nervous system?
Glia cells
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What is the Glia called in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
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What does Glia connect to the nerve cells with?
The bloodstream
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Does Glia provide a main protective functions?
Yes
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How does Glia help to make neuron signalling more efficient?
By causing the myelination of axons and the encasement of synapses
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Is Glia responsible for growth and pruning during neural development?
Yes
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Go look at the picture/ diagram you did of the neuron
study it!!
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There are four stages to a neuron transmitting information at what stage are the dendrites involved?
Stage one: input
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There are four stages to a neuron transmitting information at what stage is the soma (cell body) involved?
Stage 2: integration
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There are four stages to a neuron transmitting information at what stage is the axon involved?
Stage 3: transmission (of action potentials)
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There are four stages to a neuron transmitting information, at what stage are the terminal buttons involved?
Stage 4: outputs
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What is the electrical aspect of neural communication?
Changes in neural membrane potential
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What happens during the electrical expect of neural Communications?
The potential changes between postsynaptic potential and action potential
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What happens during a chemical aspect of neural communication?
There is a release of neurochemicals (neurotransmitters/neuromodulators) in the synapses
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Is action potential like an electrical current in a wire?
No
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Is postsynaptic potential like an electrical wire?
No
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Are action potentials all or nothing events?
Yes
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When the conditions are met for an action potential what is sent out?
A brief burst of electricity
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What is action potential?
Action potential is an abrupt reversal in the electrical charge of an axon that moved along the axon like a Mexican wave
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What is the resting charge of a neuron?
Negative
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the two nervous system's under the peripheral nervous system?
Back
The semantic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
Card 3
Front
How to nervous systems under the autonomic nervous system?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is psychobiology / psychophysiology?
Back
Card 5
Front
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Back
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