Neurons and The Synapse Key Terms 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyBiological PsychologyUniversityAll boards Created by: GaynorCreated on: 07-10-20 16:05 Neurons Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks 1 of 24 Gila Cells that support the functionality of neurons by providing physical support, supplying nutrients and enhancing neuronal communication 2 of 24 Dendrites The part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body 3 of 24 Axon The part of the neuron that transmits information to other neurons, muscles or glands 4 of 24 Myelin sheath An insulating layer of fatty materials made up of glia cells 5 of 24 Synapse The junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another 6 of 24 Sensory neurons Neurons that receive information from the external world and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord 7 of 24 Motor neurons Neurons hat carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement 8 of 24 Interneurons Neurons that connect sensory, motor and other interneurons together 9 of 24 Resting potential The difference between the inside and outside of a neuron's membrane 10 of 24 Action potential An electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neurons axon to a synapse 11 of 24 Refractory period The time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated 12 of 24 Terminal buttons Knob-like structures that branch from the axon 13 of 24 Neurotransmitters Chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrites 14 of 24 Receptors Parts of the cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters and initiate a new electric signal 15 of 24 Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter involved in a number of functions, including voluntary motor control 16 of 24 Dopamine A neurotransmitter that regulates motor behaviour, motivation, pleasure and emotional arousal 17 of 24 Glutamate A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in information transmission throughout the brain 18 of 24 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain 19 of 24 Noradrenaline A neurotransmitter that influences mood and arousal 20 of 24 Serotonin A neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating and aggressive behaviour 21 of 24 Endorphins Chemicals that act within the pain pathways and emotion centres in the brain 22 of 24 Agonists Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter 23 of 24 Antagonists Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter 24 of 24
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