Cold War - 17: The USA and Southeast Asia

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  • Created by: Madisonxo
  • Created on: 30-04-19 09:58
When did Kissinger visit Moscow secretly regarding Vietnam?
April 1972: Made it clear that status quo in S Vietnam could not continue. The USSR were not as enthusiastic (saw an opportunity for N Vietnam to win)
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When were the Paris Peace talks?
July 1972 - September 1972
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When + What was the Paris Peace Agreement?
Sept '72 (ratified Jan'73): Ceasefire would begin in Jan'73, each side could control the area their forces had at that time, within 60 days US would withdraw, free elections would consider the possibility of reunification of Vietnam as a single state
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Significance of Paris Peace Agreement?
NLF was represented but S Vietnam were left out of peace talks - Thieu = appalled. Kissinger announced 'peace is at hand'. Nixon = 'peace with honour' but wouldn't take action until after Nov'72 elections.
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What did Nixon do after the elections to try to reassure Thieu that the US would not abandon the South?
Dec 1972: Nixon ordered the bombing of Hanoi, this caused international condemnation and Nixon's approval rate fell.
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After the agreement was ratified, what happened initially in Vietnam regarding US military?
By the end of March 1973, US military forces had left Vietnam with only essential personnel left in Saigon, the North then intensified their guerilla campaign in the South.
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What was the reaction of South Vietnam and the USA to the intense guerilla actions in the South?
The South Vietnamese were unable to cope with Vietcong tactics which further demoralised it, the US promised to provide $1bill in armaments.
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What was Nixon also dealing with at home in the USA?
In Jan 1973 it was revealed that the president's employees had broken into and bugged the Watergate Hotel (Democrat Party offices) and Nixon was directly involved.
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When was Nixon forced to resign?
August 1974
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How did the North claim victory over Vietnam?
The North advanced South quickly from a successful assault in December 1974, in April 1975 Thieu resigned and on the 30th S Vietnam fell to communism.
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Conclusion of northern victory
Vietnamese communists achieved their goal of a unified, socialist Vietnam as a result of their war of attrition, determinism. Comm. leaders were correct that with time they would wear down the Americans, their only real military opponents.
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What happened in Cambodia after the Peace Agreement was ratified?
Halt of US bombing of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge intensified its fighting, succeeded in pincer strategy in which they isolated Phnom Penh from the rest of the country and launched an attack of the capital in 1975.
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What happened as a result of this attack on the capital?
Gov forces fought hard, but in April 1975 US forces were evacuated and within a week Phnom Penh fell to the Khmer Rouge (beginning of Khmer Rouge revolution).
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Aim of the Khmer Rouge revolution?
Ruthless ideological cleansing, aim was to destroy Cambodia's existing society and create a new agricultural country. 1 mill killed.
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How did the Khmer Rouge end?
On 25th December 1978 the Vietnamese, aided by Soviets, invaded Cambodia and captured Phnom Penh in early Jan 1979. Pro-Vietnam Cambodian (Samrin) installed, bringing Khmer Rouge to an end.
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Cost of the Vietnam war for the USA?
Most divisive war since the American Civil war, 58,000 died, veterans felt alienated by anti-war movement, cost $167bill, the loss of Vietnam = domino effect implied, containment failed.
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Cost of Vietnam war for Vietnam?
1.3mill-9mill died, Vietnam isolated from international community, trade embargo on Vietnam by US, bombing=mass destruction of agricultural land.
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Card 2

Front

When were the Paris Peace talks?

Back

July 1972 - September 1972

Card 3

Front

When + What was the Paris Peace Agreement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Significance of Paris Peace Agreement?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did Nixon do after the elections to try to reassure Thieu that the US would not abandon the South?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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