Cold environments

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What is a glacial environment?
An area covered by ice sheets and glaciers.
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How does ice formation start?
Snow falls as flakes, which have an open, feathery structure that traps air.
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What is the correct sequence for glacier ice formation?
snowflake, granular snow, firn, glacier ice
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What are the two types of glacier?
Temperate and polar
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What are the features of an Alpine glacier?
Tese glaciers melt in summer, releasing huge amounts of meltwater. This acts as a lubricant, reducing friction. Temperate glaciers move by basal flow, extending/compressing flow, creep and surges. This type of glacier is more likely to erode,.
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What are the features of a cold glacier
these glaciers occur in areas where the temperature is permanently below 0°C, and therefore no melting occurs. Movement is slower than in temperate glaciers as they are frozen to their beds and thus move mainly by internal flow.
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Name the main types of ice movement
Compressing and extending flow, basal flow, creep, surges, internal flow and rotational flow
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Name an influence on the rate of movement
permeability of the surface
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Names the inputs, outputs, storages and transfers in a glacial budget
avalanches, water vapour, the glacier and the way it moves.
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What is the zone of ablation?
where outputs exceed inputs and therefore more mass is lost rather than gained. This is the lower part of the glacier.
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What is abrasion?
occurs when the material the glacier is carrying rubs away at the valley floor and sides.
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what is a corrie?
an armchair-shaped rock hollow, with a steep back wall.
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what will happen if two corries develop together?
the central mass will survive as a pyramidal peak
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what shape is a glacial trough?
U
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what is a major feature of a glacial trough?
it has ribbon lakes
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What is a roche moutonee?
small areas of rock on the valley floor that have not been completely removed.
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what names are given to debris on the top, middle and bottom of a glacier?
supraglacial, englacial, subglacial
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Material deposited directly is known as...
till
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what is an erratic?
large block of rock that has been moved from one area and deposited in another by ice
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What is a drumlin
an oval shaped hill
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what are the two ends called on a drumlin?
stoss and lee
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what end is downstream?
lee
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what is a moraine?
mounds of material
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what are the types of moraines?
recessional, medial, lateral, terminal
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Name a fluvioglacial feature of deposition
esker
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what is a kame?
stratified mounds of material
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where are kame terraces often found?
along side a glacial valley
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what do sandurs consist of?
material that was brought down by the glacier
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what is a kettle hole?
a small depression on an outwash plain
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what is a varve?
deposits with distinct layering
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what does a layer of sand represent in a varve?
1 year of deposition
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what are varves a good indicator of?
past climates
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name a feature of erosion in a glacier
proglacial lake
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what is a periglacial area?
an area exposed to cold conditions
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what are the types of permafrost?
sporadic, continuous and discontinuous
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what is nivation?
rock under a patch of snow is disintegrated
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describe solifluction
When the active layer thaws in summer, excessive lubrication reduced the friction between soil particles.
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what can be created from frost heave?
stone strips and polygons
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what forms a pingo?
groundwater freezing
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Describe ground contraction
refreezing of the active layer causes soil to contract
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the effects of wind and water action can be seen in..?
grooved and polished rocks
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An example of human activity in cold environments
The Unuits
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What are the threats to the caribou?
oil exploration
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does ice formation start?

Back

Snow falls as flakes, which have an open, feathery structure that traps air.

Card 3

Front

What is the correct sequence for glacier ice formation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the two types of glacier?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the features of an Alpine glacier?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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