Cognitive Psychology Key Words Key words and their definitions for the Cognitive Approach - edexcel exam board. 4.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? PsychologyCognitive PsychologyASEdexcel Created by: BexieCreated on: 20-05-13 17:56 Cognition Mental processes needed to make sense of the world. 1 of 21 Information Processing Model Describes the flow of information, using Input --> Process --> Output 2 of 21 Encoding The process of transforming sensory input into a memory trace. 3 of 21 Sensory Storage The storage of image and sound. Only stored here for milliseconds. 4 of 21 Short Term Storage Capacity of 7-9 chunks of information. Duration of 15-20 seconds. 5 of 21 Long Term Storage Potentially unlimited in both capacity and duration. 6 of 21 Maintenance Rehearsal Rehearsing information to preserve for a short time period. 7 of 21 Elaborative Rehearsal Refers to a deeper consideration of the information, often my giving it a meaning, leading to a more durable memory. 8 of 21 Structural Processing The physical structure of a word - e.g. upper and lower cases. 9 of 21 Phonetic Processing How a word sounds. 10 of 21 Semantic Processing Giving a word a meaning. 11 of 21 Explicit Memory Memory requiring conscious recall. 12 of 21 Implicit Memory Memory which is recalled automatically. 13 of 21 Reconstructive Memory Using past experiences to fill in any missing gaps of information. 14 of 21 Tulving's Encoding Specificity Principle The greater the similarity between the encoding event and the retrieval event, the greater the likelihood of recalling the original memory. 15 of 21 Context Dependent Forgetting Using our environment and situation, as a cue for recall. 16 of 21 State Dependent Forgetting Encoding our physical and emotional state as we learn information, later acts as a cue for recall. 17 of 21 Retroactive Interference Where new information interferes with the old information. 18 of 21 Pro-Active Interference Where old information interferes with the new information. 19 of 21 Eyewitness Testimony The recalled memory of a witness, to a crime or incident. 20 of 21 Cognitive Interview Interviewing used by the police, to reduce leading questions and allow for greater accuracy in recall. 21 of 21
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