Cognitive Psychology Key Words

Key words and their definitions for the Cognitive Approach - edexcel exam board.

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  • Created by: Bexie
  • Created on: 20-05-13 17:56
Cognition
Mental processes needed to make sense of the world.
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Information Processing Model
Describes the flow of information, using Input --> Process --> Output
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Encoding
The process of transforming sensory input into a memory trace.
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Sensory Storage
The storage of image and sound. Only stored here for milliseconds.
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Short Term Storage
Capacity of 7-9 chunks of information. Duration of 15-20 seconds.
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Long Term Storage
Potentially unlimited in both capacity and duration.
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Maintenance Rehearsal
Rehearsing information to preserve for a short time period.
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Elaborative Rehearsal
Refers to a deeper consideration of the information, often my giving it a meaning, leading to a more durable memory.
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Structural Processing
The physical structure of a word - e.g. upper and lower cases.
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Phonetic Processing
How a word sounds.
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Semantic Processing
Giving a word a meaning.
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Explicit Memory
Memory requiring conscious recall.
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Implicit Memory
Memory which is recalled automatically.
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Reconstructive Memory
Using past experiences to fill in any missing gaps of information.
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Tulving's Encoding Specificity Principle
The greater the similarity between the encoding event and the retrieval event, the greater the likelihood of recalling the original memory.
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Context Dependent Forgetting
Using our environment and situation, as a cue for recall.
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State Dependent Forgetting
Encoding our physical and emotional state as we learn information, later acts as a cue for recall.
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Retroactive Interference
Where new information interferes with the old information.
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Pro-Active Interference
Where old information interferes with the new information.
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Eyewitness Testimony
The recalled memory of a witness, to a crime or incident.
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Cognitive Interview
Interviewing used by the police, to reduce leading questions and allow for greater accuracy in recall.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describes the flow of information, using Input --> Process --> Output

Back

Information Processing Model

Card 3

Front

The process of transforming sensory input into a memory trace.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The storage of image and sound. Only stored here for milliseconds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Capacity of 7-9 chunks of information. Duration of 15-20 seconds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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