Chemistry Unit two Module 1

are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only

Hydrocarbons

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is a hydrocarbon with single bonds only

Saturated hydrocarbons

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is a hydrocarbon containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

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is a hydrocarbon with carbon atom joined together in straight chains

Aliphatic hydrocarbon

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is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joining together in a right structure

Alicyclic hydrocarbon

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is the part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

Functional group

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is a series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Homologous series

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are the homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2

Alkanes

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is a types of steroisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of C=C bond may be arrange differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the C=C bond

E/Z isomerism

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is a special type of E/Z isomerism in which there is a non-hydrogen group and hydrogen on each C of a C=C bond

cis - trans isomerism

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is the breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons goign to each atom, forming two radicals

Homolytic fission

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is a species with an unpaired electron

A radical

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is the breaking of a covalent bond with bond of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms

Heterolytic fission

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is an atom that is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom

Nucleophile

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is a reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molcule

Addition reaction

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is a reaction in which atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group

Substitution reaction

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refers to the removal of a molecule from saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

Elimination reaction

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is the separation of the compounds in a liquid mixture into fractions with difference in boiling point by means of distillation

Fractional distillation

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refers to the breaking down of a long-chained saturated hydrocarbon to form a mixture of shorter-chained alkanes and alkenes

Cracking

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is a substance that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up

Catalyst

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is a type of substitution reaction in which a radical replaces a different atom or group of atoms

Radical substitution

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is a sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons in a reaction

Mechanism

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is the step in a radical substitution in which the free radicals are generated by ultraviolet radiation

Initiation

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is the step at the end of a radical substitution when two radicals combine to form a molecule

Termination

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is the two repeated steps in a radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction

Propagation

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is the reactive part of a double bond formed above and below the plane of the bonded atoms by sideways overlap of p-orbitals

Pi-bond

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is a type of addition reaction in which an electrophille is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Electrophillic addition

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is an organice ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge

Carbocation

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is a symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in breaking or formation of a covalent bond

Curly arrow

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is a long molecular chain built up from monomer units

Polymer

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is a small molecule that combines with many other monomer to form a polymer

Monomer

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Is the process in which unsaturated alkene molecules add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time, to form a very long saturated molecular chain

Addition polymerisation

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is a very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules

Addition polymer

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is a specific arragement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over

Repeat unit

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Chemistry Unit two Module 1

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