Chemistry

Permanent Dipole

A small charge difference across a bond resulting from a difference in electronegativites of the bonded atoms

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Permanent dipole-dipole force

An attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring molecules

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Hydrogen Bond

A strong dipole-dipole between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom on a different molecule

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Ionic Bond

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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Lone Pair

An outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding

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Metallic Bond

Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

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Acid

A species that is a proton donor

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Alkali

Type of base that dissolves in water, forming OH-(aq) ions

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Anhydrous

A substance containing no water molecules

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Atomic Orbital

A region within an atom that an hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins

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Concentration

Amount of solute (mol) per 1dm3 of solution

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Coordinate Bond

A pair of electrons that has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only (Dative Covalent)

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Delocalised Electrons

Electrons that are shared between more than two atoms

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Displacement Reaction

Reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from an aqueous solution of the less reactive's ions

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Disproportionation

Oxidation and reduction of the same element in a redox reaction

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Electron Shielding

The repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer-shell electrons

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Emperical Formula

The simplest whole number raito of atoms of each element in a compound

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Fragmentation

Mass spectrometry process- causes + ion to split into pieces

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Giant Covalent Lattice

3D structure of atoms bonded covalently (strong)

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Giant Ionic Lattice

3D Structure of oppositely charged ions bonded by ionic bonding

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Giant Metallic Lattice

3D Structure of + ions and delocalised electrons

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Hydrated

Crystalline & containing water

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(1st) Ionisation Energy

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms (gaseous 1+ ions) to from one mole gaseous 1+ ions (2+ if 2nd I.E)

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Successive Ionisation Energy

A measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn

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Molar Mass

The mass per mole of a substance

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Oxidation Number

A measue of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element.

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Periodicity

A regular periodic variation of properties of properties of elements with atomic number and position in the table

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RAM

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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RFM

The weighted mean mass of formula unit compared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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RIM

The weighted mean mass of a n isotope compared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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RMM

The weighted mean mass of a molecule cmpared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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Salt

Chemical compound formed from an acid, when a H+ ION FROM THE ACID HAS BEEN REPLACED BY A METAL ION

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Standard Solution

A solution of known concentration

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Volatility

The ease with which a liquid turns into a gas (increases as bp decreases)

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Water Of Crystallisation

Water molecules that form an essential part of crystalline structure of a compound

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VDW

Very weak attractive forces between induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules

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Chemistry

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