The fluid mosaic model describes the
general structure of biological membranes. Phospholipids form a bilayer, which is like a “lake” in which a variety of proteins “float.”
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Describe the structure and function of phospholipids
Phospholipids have polar, hydrophilic “heads” that face outward and hydrophobic fatty acid “tails” that face inward in the membrane.
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Describe the structure and function of the Integral Membrane Proteins
Integral membrane proteins are at least
partly embedded in the bilayer. The hydrophilic domain sticks out into the inside or outside of the cell. The hydrophobic domain interacts with the fatty acids in the interior.
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Describe the structure and function of Peripheral Membrane Proteins
Peripheral membrane proteins lack
hydrophobic regions and do not penetrate the bilayer. They are located on one side of the membrane.
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Describe the structure and function Transmembrane Proteins
Transmembrane proteins extend all the
way through the phospholipid bilayer, with one or more transmembrane domains. They are located on one side of the membrane.
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Describe the structure and function of Glycolipids.
A glycolipid consists of a carbohydrate covalently bonded to a lipid, the carbohydrate may serve as a recognition signal for interactions between cells.
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Describe the structure and function of Glycoproteins.
A glycoprotein consists of one or more short carbohydrate chains covalently bonded to a protein. he carbohydrates of glycoproteins and proteoglycans often function in cell recognition and adhesion.
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Define cell recognition.
Cell recognition, in which one cell specifically recognizes and binds to another cell of a certain type
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Define cell adhesion.
Cell adhesion, in which the connection between the two cells is strengthened.
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Define homotypic
Pertaining to adhesion of cells of the same type.
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Define Heterotypic
Alteration in a developmental regulatory gene itself rather than the expression of the genes it controls.
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Define cell junctions
Specialized structures associated with the plasma membranes of epithelial cells. Some contribute to cell adhesion, others to intercellular communication.
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Describe the structure and function of tight junctions.
Tight junctions prevent substances from moving through the spaces between cells and to maintain distinct faces of a cell within a tissue by restricting the migration of membrane proteins over the cell surface from one face to the other.
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Describe the structure and function of Desmosomes.
Desmosomes hold neighboring cells firmly together this provides mechanical stability for tissues such as skin that receive physical stress.
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Describe the structure and function of Gap junctions.
Gap junctions are channels that run between membrane pores in adjacent cells
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Describe the structure and function of the protein integrin.
A transmembrane protein often mediates the attachment of epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix.
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Define Diffusion
Diffusion is the process of random movement toward a state of equilibrium
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Define simple diffusion.
In simple diffusion, small molecules pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane.
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Define Isotonic solutions.
Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations
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Define Hypotonic solutions.
A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the other solution with which it is being compared
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe the structure and function of phospholipids
Back
Phospholipids have polar, hydrophilic “heads” that face outward and hydrophobic fatty acid “tails” that face inward in the membrane.
Card 3
Front
Describe the structure and function of the Integral Membrane Proteins
Back
Card 4
Front
Describe the structure and function of Peripheral Membrane Proteins
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe the structure and function Transmembrane Proteins
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