Cardiac rhythm interpretation

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  • Created by: evepoag
  • Created on: 18-05-22 12:01
What is the sinus node's nickname?
The heart's 'natural pacemaker'
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At rest, the SA node usually depolarises at how many beats per min?
60-100bpm
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What does the AV node do?
Receives impulses from the sinus node and delivers it to the His-Purkinje system
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What does the 'Bundle of His' do?
begins conduction to ventricles
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What does the Purkinje network do?
moves impulses through ventricles for contraction
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What does the P wave stand for in an ECG?
atrial depolarisation
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What does the Q waves stand for in an ECG?
conduction through Purkinje fibres
and
ventricular depolarisation
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What does the QRS complex stand for in an ECG?
ventricular depolarisation
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What does the T waves stand for in an ECG?
final rapid repolarisation
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Do the PQRST waves, have negative or positive deflection?
P - negative or positive
Q - negative
R - positive
S - negative
T - negative or positive
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What is a normal PR interval time?
120 - 200 milliseconds
(3-5 small squares)
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What is a normal QRS interval time?
60 - 100 milliseconds
(1.5-2.5 small squares)
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What is the 6-step method to reading an ECG?
1. E - is there electrical activity?
2. R - what is the QRS ventricular rate?
3. R - is the QRS rhythm regular or irregular?
3. W - is the QRS complex width normal or broad?
4. A - is atrial activity present?
5. V - is activity related to ventricular acti
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Remember Evie, Ross Really Wants A Violin
Evie - eletrical activity
Ross - rate
Really - rhythm
Wants - width
A - atrial activity
V - ventricular activity
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Describe sinus rhythm
60 - 100 bpm
P:QRS ratio is 1:1
regular
P waves presents
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Describe ventricular fibrillation (Very ******)
chaotic rhythm
no discernable waves
indeterminate rate
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What is PEA?
Pulseless Electrical Activity

It is when a patient is pulseless, but there are recognisable complexes on an ECG that you would expect to produce a pulse
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Describe sinus bradycardia
Less than 60 bpm
regular waves
P:QRS ratio is 1:1
P waves present
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Describe sinus tachycardia
greater than 100 bpm
regular waves
P:QRS ratio is 1:1
P waves present
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Describe atrial fibrillation
varied rate
chaotic atrial activity
no discernable P waves
can develop broad complexes
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Describe ventricular tachycardia
100 - 200 bpm
regularly varies
broad complexes (>/=0.12seconds)
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Describe fast ventricular tachycardia (aka ventricular flutter)
200 - 300bpm
no discernable waves
regular
broad complexes (>/=0.12seconds)
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Describe polymorphic VT (aka Torsades de points)
200 - 250 bpm
no discernable waves
irregular
width varies with broad complexes
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Describe atrial flutter
250 - 350 bpm
usually regular
'saw-tooth' rhythm
P:QRS ratio varies (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1)
normal width
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Describe a sinus rhythm 1st degree AV block
regular rhythm
P wave present
P:QRS ratio is 1:1
**PR interval is prolonged = >0.20 seconds**
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Describe a sinus rhythm 2nd degree AV block type 1 (Wenckebach)
regular
P waves present
P:QRS ratio is variable
PR interval gradually lengthens until QRS beat is dropped, prior to block of an atrial impulse
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Describe a sinus rhythm 2nd degree AV block type 2 (Mobitz 2)
regular
P waves present
P:QRS ratio is variable
PR interval is normal
suddenly fails to produce QRS without change in previous PR interval - see multiple P waves
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Describe a sinus rhythm 3rd degree AV block (complete heart block)
rate depends on underlying rhythm
regular
P waves present but occur without a QRS complex
but moves to different position
QRS complex can be broad
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Evie - electrical activity
What does this mean?
Look to see if there is electrical activity and check leads are connected
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Ross - rate
What does this mean?
Work out the 'bpm' or heart rate
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What is normal ventricular QRS rate?
60 - 100 bpm
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On an ECG paper, 1 second is represented by how many large squares?
5 large squares
(25 small squares)
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How long does five small square stand for?
0.2 seconds
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How long does one small square stand for?
40 milliseconds
0.04 seconds
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What is the 6-second rule method to calculating heart rate?
1. count the number of complexes on a 6-second *****
2. multiply by 10 to get the approximate bpm
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Really - rhythm
What does this mean?
is it irregular or regular
work out R-R intervals
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How do you work out if QRS rhythm is regular or irregular?
measure each R-R interval
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Wants - width
what does this mean?
work out if the QRS complex is broad or narrow
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What is a broad complex?
if QRS complex is longer than 0.12s (3 small squares)
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A - atrial activity
what does this mean?
are there P waves?
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V - ventricular rate
what does this mean?
is there a consistent P wave following QRS complex?
look for variations in PR interval
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What are the shockable cardiac arrest rhythms?
- ventricular fibrillation
- pulseless ventricular tachycardia
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What are the non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms?
- asystole
- PEA (pulseless electrical activity)
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What are the 2 peri-arrest rhythms?
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
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ECG standard paper speed is what?
25mm/s
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

At rest, the SA node usually depolarises at how many beats per min?

Back

60-100bpm

Card 3

Front

What does the AV node do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the 'Bundle of His' do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the Purkinje network do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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