what is special about all the atoms in an element?
all the atoms of an element have the same number of protons
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what does the group number of an element correspond with?
the group number correspods with the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom.
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what is a horizontal row of elements called?
a period.
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what does the period number correspond with?
how many shells there are in an atom of a particular element.
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what is in the center of an atom?
a nucleas.
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what is the nucleus surrounded by?
the nucleus is surrounded by electrons, which are arranged in shells (energy levels)
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what is the mass of a neutron?
nearly zero
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what are the coloured flames for lithium, sodium and potassium?
lithium-red sodium-yellow potassium-lilac
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what is meant by the term electron configuration?
the electron configuration of an atom shows how the electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleas
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how many electrons can the first shell hold?
2
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how many electrons can the shells after the first shell hold?
8
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how many metals are in group 1?and what are they called
there are six metals in group 1 and they are called the alkali metals
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what are the three main points to remember about the properties of the alkali metals as you go further down the group.
1. the higher the reactivity. 2. the lower the melting and boiling points. 3. the higher the density
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why do alkali metals become more reactive as you go down the group?
because the outer shell gets further away from the influence of the nucleus and so the outer electron is lost more easily.
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what can alkali metals react to form?
compounds
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alkali metals are shiny when first cut, but what happens when they react with moist air?
they quickly tarnish, go dull ad become covered in a layer of metal oxide.
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give a pre caution that should be taken when working with group 1 metals
-use safety glasses and safety screens. -use small amounts of metals -avoid working near naked flames -ensure that the metals are stored under oil
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what is the name given to the 5 non-metals in group 7
the halogens
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what is the colour and the states of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature?
chlorine is a green gas, bromine is a brown liquid and iodine is a dark purple/grey solid
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what can halogens be used for?
1. bleach dyes 2. kill bacteria in water
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what happens to the physical properties of the halogens as you go down the group?
as you go down the group the -lower the re activity -the higher the melting and boiling points -the higher the density
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why do halogens become less reactive as you go down the group?
because the outer shell gets further away from the influence of the nucleus and so an electron is less easily gained.
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what is meant by 'displacement reactions of halogens'?
when a ore reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen for an aqueous solution of its salt.
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what do experiments show about compounds of alkali metals?what can you then conclude?
compunds of alkali metals and halogens conduct electricity when they're molten or dissolved in water&then they are made up of charged particles called ions.
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what are ions?
atoms that have gained or lost electrons
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where does ionic bonding occur?
between a metal and a non-metal
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what do atoms that lose electrons become in ionic bonding?
positively charged
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what does the group number of an element correspond with?
Back
the group number correspods with the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom.
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