C1.5- Products from oils

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What are the general properties of the heavier fractions extracted from crude oil?
Large molecules, thick liquids or solids, high boiling points
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How can these long chain hydrocarbons be made into fuels?
Cracking
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What reaction takes place when hydrocarbons are cracked?
Thermal decomposition
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What conditions are requires to crack decane to produce pentane?
800 degrees C and a catalyst
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Name two other molecules that can be produced by the cracking of decane.
1. Propene 2. Ethene
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What types of molecule are these?
Alkenes
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What is the difference between them and alkanes?
Alkenes are unsaturated and so have double bonds between two of their carbons.
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What is the general formula for this group of hydrocarbons?
CnH2n
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What happens to bromine water when it reacts with an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as ethene?
It changes from orange to colourless.
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What result would you expect when you mix propane with bromine water?
What result would you expect when you mix propane with bromine water?
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What is a monomer?
A small molecule which is joined to lots of other small molecules to make a larger one
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What is a polymer?
Large molecules made from monomers
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What is a polymer of ethene known as?
Poly(ethene) or polythene
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What are the properties of this material?
Easy to shape, strong and transparent unless coloured
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What everyday items are made from this material?
Plastic bags, drinks bottles, dustbins and cling film
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What is the chemical formula of propene?
C3H6
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What is the name of propene’s polymer?
Poly(propene) OR polypropene
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What happens to the double bond when alkenes are joined?
They open up and are replaced by a single bond.
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What is the process by which many monomers join together to form a polymer?
Polymerisation
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How can new polymers potentially help dentists in the future?
Providing filling materials to replace mercury-containing ones and softer linings for dentures
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What is special about light sensitive plaster?
Their stickiness can be ‘turned off’ before the plaster is removed to protect fragile skin.
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Why can hydrogels trap water?
Because they have cross links which form a matrix
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What are hydrogels used for?
Wound dressings and soft contact lenses
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How might shape memory polymers help to reduce visible scarring when we cut ourselves badly?
They can tighten and close the wound applying the correct amount of force to hold the two sides of the cut together.
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What is a smart polymer?
A polymer that changes in response to changes around it.
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What polymer is used to make plastic drinks bottles?
PET
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Why is this material ideal for this purpose?
Very strong and tough Lighter than glass Can be made transparent Can be recycled
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Why are plastics a problem in landfill sites?
Because they can take hundreds of years to breakdown and take up a lot of space.
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What is a biodegradable plastic?
One that can be broken down by microorganisms
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How can cornstarch be useful in biodegradable plastics?
Scientists can build granules of it into the plastic; microorganisms can break this down, breaking the plastic into much smaller pieces more quickly.
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Why can poly(lactic acid) not be used to package ready meals?
It is broken down in the microwave.
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How are some modern plastic bags made to biodegrade quickly and be strong?
By combining poly(lactic acid) and traditional plastics
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Why does the use of poly(lactic acid) help to reserve the dwindling resources of crude oil?
Because it does not use crude oil as its raw material
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What problem, seen also with biofuels, is there with using crops to make plastics?
It may drive the price of food up as more farmland is used to grow these crops instead of staple food crops.
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Why might rainforest destruction be increased by the use of plastics from crops?
Areas of the rainforest may be cleared to allow larger areas of these crops to grow.
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Why are light biodegradable plastic bags not ideal when they are put in landfill?
They get buried and have no exposure to light, therefore they do not biodegrade.
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Why might people who recycle be asked to separate their plastics into groups?
There are a number of different types and they need to be recycled with all the same type of plastic.
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What type of organic compound is ethanol?
An alcohol
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What chemical group characterises alcohols?
-OH (hydroxyl group)
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What process is used to make drinks like beer and wine alcoholic?
Fermentation
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What is the word equation for this process?
Sugar (glucose) = ethanol + carbon dioxide
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Give three other uses of ethanol.
1. Solvent 2. Perfume 3. Fuel
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Where does the ethene come from used to make ethanol?
Cracking hydrocarbons
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Write the symbol equation for the hydration of ethene.
C2H4 + H2O = C2H5OH
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Give two advantages of producing ethanol by hydration rather than fermentation.
1. Process is continuous 2. No waste products produced
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What happens to any unreacted ethene and steam during the hydration process?
It is recycled over the catalyst.
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Why is the hydration of ethene not the best method for producing ethanol?
It requires the cracking of crude oil, a non-renewable source.
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What is the raw product for alcohol if it is made by fermentation?
Crops such as sugar cane, sugar beet or other cereal crops
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How can these long chain hydrocarbons be made into fuels?

Back

Cracking

Card 3

Front

What reaction takes place when hydrocarbons are cracked?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What conditions are requires to crack decane to produce pentane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name two other molecules that can be produced by the cracking of decane.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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