C1.5 AQA Chemistry
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- Created by: tallulahrosee
- Created on: 26-04-17 17:16
What are the general properties of heavier fractions extrated from crude oil?
more viscous, higher boiling point, not easily flammable, not vapourised easily
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How can long-chain hydrocarbons be made into fuels?
cracking
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What reaction takes place when hydrocarbons are cracked?
thermal decomposition
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What type of molecule is a cracked hydrocarbon?
alkene
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What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?
alkanes have saturated single bonds and alkenes have unsaturated double bonds
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What happens to bromine water when it reacts with an alkene?
it turns colourless
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What happens to bromine water when it reacts with an alkane?
nothing - it remains orange
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What is a monomer?
a small molecule
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What is a polymer?
monomers joined together to form a large molecule
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What is a polymer of ethene called?
polythene
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What are the properties of polythene?
strong, transparent, easy to shape
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What everyday items are made from polythene?
plastic bags, dustbins, clingfilm, drinks bottles
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What is the name of propene's polymer?
polypropene
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What happens to the double bond when alkenes are joined?
it opens up and is replaced by a single bond
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What is the process of joining together monomers called?
polymerisation
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How can new polymers potentially help dentists in the future?
using plastics for dentures rather than toxic mercury
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What is special about light sensitive plasters?
they become less sticky when the top layer is pulled off as it recieves more light
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How do hydrogels trap water?
cross linking units between polymer chains form a matrix
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What are hydrogels used for?
wound dressing and contact lenses
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How can shape memory polymers reduce scarring?
using them as thread for stitches - body temperature makes the thread close tight
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What is a smart polymer?
a polymer which responds to changes around it
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Why is PET ideal for making plastic drinks bottles?
strong, tough and light (cheap to transport/buy)
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Why plastics problematic in landfill sites?
many don't decompose or at least not for hundreds of years
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What is a biodegradable plastic?
a plastic which can be broken down by microorganisms
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How can cornstarch be useful in biodegradable plastics?
microorganisms in soil feed on the starch so it decomposes more quickly
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How are some modern plastic bags made to be strong but biodegrade quickly?
using PLA mixed with a traditional plastic
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An advantage of poly(lactic acid) and a disadvantage?
it is biodegradable but can't be used in the microwave
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Why does using PLA help reserve crude oil?
it is made from cornstarch instead
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What is a problem with using crops to make plastics?
land not used for crops so food prices increase, starvation in poorer countries
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Why might reainforest destruction be increased by using crops to make plastics?
to create more farmland
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Why are light-biodegradable plastics not ideal for use in landfill?
they only biodegrade in light, and burying them in landfill would prevent light reaching them
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What type of organic compound is ethanol?
alcohol
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What chemical group characterises alcohols?
-OH
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What process makes drinks alcoholic?
fermentation
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What is the word equation for fermentation?
glucose (+ yeast) ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide
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Give three uses of ethanol?
biofuels, perfumes, solvents
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Where does the ethene come from to make ethanol?
cracking hydrocarbons - crude oil
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Give the symbol equation for hydration of ethene?
C2H4 + H20 (+ catalyst) ---> C2H50H
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Give two advantages of producing ethanol by hydration over fermentation?
continuous process (quicker than batch production), no waste products
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What happens to any unreacted ethene and steam during the hydration process?
it is recycled - passed over the catalyst again
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What is a disadvantage of using hydration to produce ethanol?
relies on crude oil which is non-renewable
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What is the raw product for alcohol made by fermentation?
any cereal crop (eg. sugar cane or sugar beet)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How can long-chain hydrocarbons be made into fuels?
Back
cracking
Card 3
Front
What reaction takes place when hydrocarbons are cracked?
Back
Card 4
Front
What type of molecule is a cracked hydrocarbon?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?
Back
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