C1:2 Limestone and its uses

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What is limestone mainly made from?
Calcium Carbonate
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What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?
CaCO3
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A main use of limestone?
Building materials
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How is cement made?
Powdered limestone is heated with powdered clay
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How is concrete made?
Mixing powedered cement with water, sand and crushed rock
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Which ions are in calcium carbonate?
Ca2+ and CO3,2-
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What can calcium oxide be used for?
Building and farming industries
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What can be used to create lots of calcium oxide?
A rotary lime kiln
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What is the kiln heated by?
Hot air
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What is produced in the kiln and where do the products come out?
Useful calcium oxide comes out from the bottom, Waste CO2 and air comes out from the top
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What is the advantage of the rotation of the kiln?
It ensures the hot air and limestone are well mixed
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What can damage limestone structures?
Acid rain
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How can we test for carbon dioxide?
If limewater turns cloudy, CO2 is present
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What is limewater?
Calcium hydroxide
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Why does a limewater and CO2 solution go cloudy?
Because CaCO3 is produced, which is a precipitate
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What is the symbol equation for limewater and CO2 producing calcium carbonate?
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H20
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What generally forms when a carbonate reacts with acid?
A salt, carbon dioxide and water
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What group of the periodic table is calcium in?
Group 2
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How would other Group 2 carbonates react when heated?
Decompose - produce their metal oxide and carbon dioxide
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Do sodium or potassium carbonates produce CO2 when heated over a bunsen flame?
No - they require a higher temperature to decompose
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How is calcium oxide made?
Thermal decomposition of CaCO3
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What is produced when water is added to calcium oxide?
Calcium hydroxide (and lots of heat given off)
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What must be done to calcium hydroxide to make limewater?
Filtering
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What makes the limestone reaction cycle a cycle?
The products from each step can be used as reactants in the next step
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Is calcium hydroxide and acid or an alkali?
Alkali
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What type of reaction occurs between acids and alkalis?
Neutralisation
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What can farmers use calcium hydroxide for?
Neutralising acidic soil
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What else can calcium hydroxide be used for?
Neutralising waste gases in industry
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How did Romans produce mortar?
Mixing calcium hydroxide with sand and water
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How does mortar hold together other building products?
Calcium oxide in mortar reacts with CO2 in air, producing strong CaCO3
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What happens if there is too much sand in the mortar mix?
It is weaker
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What is used in mortar today instead of calcium hydroxide?
Cement
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What is the main disadvantage of lime mortar?
It doesn't set quickly
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How is cement made?
Heating limestone with clay
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What does water do to mortar?
Prevents it from setting as it cannot react with CO2
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What is the difference between cement and concrete?
Concrete is cement mixed with water, sand and aggregate
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What type of force is concrete particularly good at withstanding?
Crushing
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How can concrete be made stronger?
Reinforcing with steel rods or bars
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What type of force is reinforced concrete good at withstanding?
Being pulled apart
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How is limestone dislodged from rock faces in quarries?
Using explosives
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What are the disadvantages of using explosives for quarrying?
Noisy, scars landscape
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What material is commonly used for bathroom tiles?
Natural stone such as travertine, sealed with waterproof coating
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What is an advantage of lime mortar over cement mortar?
It is more flexible so less likely to crack
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How much of the CO2 gas produced by humans is from cement manufacture?
5%
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Why does lime mortar contribute less CO2 emissions than cement mortar
It absorbs CO2 as it sets
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What can concrete be reinforced with?
Wire mesh, glass fibres, carbon fibres, steel rods, kevlar
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Why is cement used so widely?
It is cheap
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?

Back

CaCO3

Card 3

Front

A main use of limestone?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is cement made?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How is concrete made?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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