biology
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- Created by: Dymphna
- Created on: 16-04-13 19:43
name two types of pathogens.
bacteria and viruses.
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where do viruses live and reproduce?
inside cells.
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what do pathogens cause?
infectious diseases.
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where do bacterium live and reproduce?
outside the cells.
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what three things do white blood cells do to stop pathogens?
ingest pathogens, produce antibodies to destroy pathogens or produce antitoxins to counteract toxins pathogens produce.
5 of 42
how do vaccinations work?
vaccines are made of dead or inactive pathogens and are injected into the body. white blood cells produce antibodies and you become immune.
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what are the three main food groups and what is their purpose?
carbohydrates, fat and proteins release energy and build cells. mineral ions and vitamins keep the body healthy.
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what is malnourishment?
someone who isnt eating a balanced diet.
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what is ressistance?
a bacterium that has evolved through natural selection to become resistant to common antibiotics eg mrsa.
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what is metabolic rate?
chemical reactions in cells.
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what three factors affect your metabollic rate?
the amount of exercise you do, proportion of muscle to fat in your body, inherited factors(genes).
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what happens to your metabollic rate after you exercise?
it increases.
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what drugs kill bacteria but not viruses? why?
antibiotics. they dont kill viruses as they reproduce inside the cells and treatment could damage the cells.
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what three diseases does the mmr vaccination protect you from?
measles, mumps, rubella.
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what are deficiency diseases?
diseases that are a cause of a lack of a particular nutrient in a persons body.
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what is lh and where is it made?
pituitary gland. releases eggs.
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what is a synapse?
a synapse is the gap between two neurons. chemicals transmit impulse through gap.
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what are the two parts of your cns?
spinal chord and brain.
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what is oestrogen and where is it made?
ovaries. stops fsh, starts lh and stimulates womb lining.
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what makes hormones and how are they transported?
through blood. endocrine glands.
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what is fsh and where is it made?
pituitary gland. matures eggs.
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why is it important to control body temperature?
enzymes in body will not work properly.
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what two ways can we lose ions?
sweat, urine.
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what three ways can we lose water?
sweat, urine, breathing.
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what hormones are used in fertility treatment and how do they work?
fsh-matures eggs, lh-releases eggs.
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what hormones are used in contraception and how do they work?
oestrogen-stop eggs mature (no fsh) progesterone-thickens mucus in cervix to prevent sperm reaching egg.
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name two examples of effectors.
muscle/gland
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how do scientists develop new medicinal drugs?
first in lab on cells, tissues, organs.
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whats a placebo?
a "fake" drug.
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what is a double blind trial?
neither the patient nor doctor know who is recieving drug and who is recieving placebo.
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what are statins and how are htey used?
a drug which lowers cholesterol.
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why was thalidomide made?
sleeping pill.
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what was thalidomide found to treat?
morning sickness.
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what effect did thalidomide have on pregnant women?
babies were born with limb abnormalities.
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what is thalidomide used for now?
leprosy.
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what are legal recreation drugs?
nicotine and caffine. used by people for pleasure.
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what are side effects of missusing nicotine and alcohol?
are addictive. affect brain and nervous system.
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why do some people use illegal drugs for recreation?
for pleasure.
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what effects does cannabis have on the body?
damage brain and nervous system.
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what drugs might an athlete take to enhance their performance?
steroids.
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how do steroids work?
build up muscle mass.
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what effects can steroids have on the body?
they can damage it permanently or lead to death.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
where do viruses live and reproduce?
Back
inside cells.
Card 3
Front
what do pathogens cause?
Back
Card 4
Front
where do bacterium live and reproduce?
Back
Card 5
Front
what three things do white blood cells do to stop pathogens?
Back
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